Classic polyarteritis nodosa presenting initially as a case of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa: A case report

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DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v15i6.63106

Keywords:

Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa; Classic polyarteritis nodosa; Perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, cytoplasmic anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, FFS

Abstract

Classic polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is an uncommon form of aggressive systemic vasculitis involving small-to-medium sized arteries usually of renal vasculature and other visceral organs but characteristically sparing the lung vasculature. Cutaneous PAN (c-PAN) is still a rare type of small-to-medium vessel vasculitis with involvement of skin without any systemic or visceral involvement. However, extracutaneous features such as arthritis, arthralgia, myopathy, and myositis can co-exist with the cutaneous features. c-PAN can be confirmed histopathologically by the presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes around the medium-sized vessels with evidence of fibrinoid necrosis and luminal thrombi at the bifurcations. While c-PAN has a benign but chronic course and can be managed with low doses of short-course oral steroids or anti-inflammatory drugs, systemic involvement has an aggressive course and needs adequate and prompt immunosuppression with high dose oral steroids, cyclophosphamide, rituximab, or other immunosuppressive. We present a case of a 33-year-old male who landed in our OPD with features of c-PAN and on further investigative workup was found to have a renal infarct.

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Published

2024-06-01

How to Cite

Adhikari, S. (2024). Classic polyarteritis nodosa presenting initially as a case of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa: A case report. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 15(6), 166–170. https://doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v15i6.63106

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Section

Case Reports