Maxillary labial frenulum attachment among patients visiting a tertiary level hospital of Nepal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v11i2.48668Keywords:
Maxillary labial frenum attachment, Nepal, Patients, Tertiary hospitalAbstract
Background: The maxillary labial frenum is frequently inserted in the mucogingival junction. However, it may show variation in attachment. Despite the fact that an aberrant labial frenum has been associated to a range of syndromic and non-syndromic disorders, it is frequently overlooked during routine intraoral examinations.
Objectives: To find the prevalence of types of maxillary labial frenum attachment in patients visiting tertiary hospital in Nepal.
Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study comprised of 140 patients visiting the dental outpatient department of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital from December 23, 2021 to March 13, 2022. Investigators assessed the patient’s frenum insertion in the dental chair with the lip softly pulled away from the alveolar process in a nearly horizontal direction under good lighting. Data were entered and analysed statistically using SPSS.v21 where mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage were calculated depending upon the nature of data. Fisher’s exact test was done to determine the association of age category and sex with the types of frenulum attachment.
Results: Most of the individuals (83, 59.3%) had the mucosal type of frenum followed by gingival (46, 32.9%), papillary (9, 6.4%), and least with papillary penetrating (2, 1.4%). Age and sex did not show any association with types of frenulum attachment.
Conclusion: The insertion level of the labial frenum may vary, implying the significance of careful assessment during an intraoral examination. It also suggests that in presence of the abnormal attachment, an effective treatment approach planned timely could prevent gingival and interdental papilla pathological alterations.
Downloads
65
35
References
Malina RM. The developing human: Clinically oriented embryology (5th edition). xi + 493 pp. By Keith L. Moore and T.V.N. Persaud. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1993. American Journal of Human Biology. 1993;5:507–507. [Full Text | DOI]
Gartner LP, Schein D. The superior labial frenum: a histologic observation. Quintessence Int. 1991; 22: 443–5. [PubMed]
Ross RO, Brown FH, Houston GD. Histologic survey of the frena of the oral cavity. Quintessence Int. 1990;21:233–7. [PubMed | Full Text]
Fischer TJ, Psaltis GL. The diastema and the abnormal frenum. ASDC J Dent Child. 1981; 48:264-8. [PubMed]
Bresslin WW. Excision of the abnormal frenum. J Can Dent Assoc. 1949;15:20. [Full Text]
Edwards JG. The diastema, the frenum, the frenectomy: a clinical study. Am J Orthod. 1977;71:489-508. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
Kotlow LA. The influence of the maxillary frenum on the development and pattern of dental caries on anterior teeth in breastfeeding infants: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. J Hum Lact. 2010;26:304-8. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
Mirko P, Miroslav S, Lubor M. Significance of the labial frenum attachment in periodontal disease in man. Part I. Classification and epidemiology of the labial frenum attachment. J Periodontol. 1974;45:891-4. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
Biradar SM, Patil AY, Kotnoor SS, Bacha S, Bijjaragi SC, Kattimani PT. Assessment of diverse frenal morphology in primary, mixed, and permanent dentition: A prevalence study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2020; 21:562-7. [PubMed | Full Text]
Priyanka M, Sruthi R, Ramakrishnan T, Emmadi P, Ambalavanan N. An overview of frenal attachments. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2013;17:12-5. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
Mintz SM, Siegel MA, Seider PJ. An overview of oral frena and their association with multiple syndromic and nonsyndromic conditions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005;99:321-4. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
Mirko P, Miroslav S, Lubor M. Significance of the Labial Frenum Attachment in Periodontal Disease in Man. Part 1. Classification and Epidemiology of the Labial Frenum Attachment. J Periodontol. 1974;45:891-4. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
Chaulagain R, Khanal N, Singh AK. Morphology of Maxillary Labial Frenum in Chepang Community of Chitwan. J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2021;19:185-8. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
Rajkarnikar J, Khanal S, Acharya J. Prevalence and Variations of the Maxillary Labial Frenum in Children, Adolescents and Adults. Nepal Med Coll J. 2018; 21:94-7. [Full Text]
Joshi U, Pradhan M, Neupane A, Lawaju N, Khadka N, Chaulagain R. Variations in Maxillary Frenal Morphology in a Sample of Newari Children of Bhaktapur. J Nepal Soc Perio Oral Implantology. 202;5:34-8. [Full Text | DOI]
Upadhyay D, Ghimire N. Attachment of Maxillary Labial Frenum in Nepalese Children. Orthod J Nepal. 2012;2(1):38-41 [Full Text | DOI]
Huang WJ, Creath CJ. The midline diastema: a review of its etiology and treatment. Pediatr Dent. 1995;17:171–9. [PubMed | Full Text]
Bergese F. Research on the development of the labial frenum in children of age 9-12. Minerva Stomatol. 1966;15:672-6. [PubMed]
Ja?czuk Z, Banach J. Prevalence of narrow zone of attached gingiva and improper attachment of labial frena in youths. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1980;8:385-6. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
Tajasar H, Malik F, Tabassum R, Rasheed M, Asghar H, Moazzam M. Association of Median Diastema with Maxillary Labial Frenal Attachment in School-Going Children. J Sharif Med Dent. 2021;7(1):11-16. [Full Text]
Hussain A, Alwan A. Prevalence of Types of Labial Frenum Attachment and Frenectomy with Conventional Scalpel Technique in a Sample of Iraqi Population. Int Medical J. 2020;25:2079-88. [Full Text]
Kaimenyi JT. Occurrence of midline diastema and frenum attachments amongst school children in Nairobi, Kenya. Indian J Dent Res. 1998;9:67-71. [PubMed]
Rajani ER, Biswas PP, Emmatty R. Prevalence of variations in morphology and attachment of maxillary labial frenum in various skeletal patterns - A cross-sectional study. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2018;22:257-62. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
Addy M, Dummer PM, Hunter ML, Kingdon A, Shaw WC. A study of the association of fraenal attachment, lip coverage, and vestibular depth with plaque and gingivitis. J Periodontol. 1987;58:752–7. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
Divater V, Bali P, Nawab A, Hiremath N, Jain J, Kalaivanan D. Frenal attachment and its association with oral hygiene status among adolescents in Dakshina Kannada population: A cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019 Nov 15;8:3664-7. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
Yadav RK, Verma UP, Sajjanhar I, Tiwari R. Frenectomy with conventional scalpel and Nd:YAG laser technique: A comparative evaluation. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2019;23:48-52. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI]
Newman MG, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology. 11th (edn), Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, Missouri, 2012. pp: 595- 600. [Full Text]
Cohen ES. Atlas of Cosmetic and Reconstructive Periodontal Surgery. 3rd (edn), BC Decker Inc.Hamilton, Ontario, 2007. pp: 83-86. [Full Text]
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright © Journal of Kathmandu Medical College
The ideas and opinions expressed by authors or articles summarized, quoted, or published in full text in this journal represent only the opinions of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of Journal of Kathmandu Medical College or the institute with which the author(s) is/are affiliated, unless so specified.
Authors convey all copyright ownership, including any and all rights incidental thereto, exclusively to JKMC, in the event that such work is published by JKMC. JKMC shall own the work, including 1) copyright; 2) the right to grant permission to republish the article in whole or in part, with or without fee; 3) the right to produce preprints or reprints and translate into languages other than English for sale or free distribution; and 4) the right to republish the work in a collection of articles in any other mechanical or electronic format.
