Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression Among Geriatric Population Residing in Old-Age Homes of Devghat, Bharatpur, Chitwan

Abstract

Introduction: Depression is a common mental disorder characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest, and reduced ability to perform daily activities. It significantly affects the quality of life among older adults. The burden of depression is increasing globally, particularly among the geriatric population due to factors such as chronic illness, financial dependency, and social neglect. 

Aims: To determine the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among elderly residents of old-age homes in Devghat, Bharatpur, Chitwan, and to assess its association with selected sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among elderly residents of five old-age homes in Devghat, Bharatpur, Chitwan. A complete enumeration method was employed, and 206 eligible elderly residents were included in the study. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and a structured sociodemographic questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chi-square test to assess associations between depression and selected variables.

Results: Among 206 participants, 55.3% were male and 44.7% were female, with a mean age of 74.47 years. Depression was present in 72 participants (35.0%; 95% CI: 28.5%–41.9%). Among participants with depression, 41 (56.9%) had mild depression, 21 (29.2%) had moderate depression, and 10 (13.9%) had severe depression. Depression was significantly higher among females. Significant associations were found between depression and comorbidities, previous employment status, marital status, and educational level. No significant association was observed with age group, financial dependency, or contact with family members.

Conclusion: Depression is highly prevalent among the geriatric population residing in old-age homes. Sociodemographic and clinical factors play a significant role in its occurrence. Early screening and targeted interventions are essential to reduce the burden of depression and improve the quality of life among older adults.