@article{Shrestha_Wilson_Gay_2009, title={Ecological and Environmental Study of <i>Eupatorium adenophorum</i> Sprengel (Banmara) with Reference to its Gall Formation in Gorkha-Langtang Route, Nepal}, volume={23}, url={https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/JNHM/article/view/1848}, DOI={10.3126/jnhm.v23i0.1848}, abstractNote={&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Eupatorium adenophorum&lt;/em&gt; Sprengel is a forest killer widely spreading as weed in Nepal. A study on its ecology and utilization was carried out in central Nepal with reference to its gall formation. This banmara is attacked by &lt;em&gt;Procecidochares utilis&lt;/em&gt;, a gall which causes metabolic and physical damage to the plant. The main field survey was done in Gorkha-Langtang area and compared with the phenomenon with that of Kathmandu Valley. It has been found that the index of exposure has no effect on the plant growth; pH also has no effect where as soil and gall formation has some effect on plant growth. &lt;em&gt;Artemisia vulgaris&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Urtica dioca&lt;/em&gt; were commonly found in association with &lt;em&gt;Eupatorium adenophorum&lt;/em&gt;. Though the plant acts as forest killer, some beneficial phenomena were also recorded.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words:&lt;/strong&gt; Correlation coefficient; Gall formation; index of exposure; life cycle; quadrates&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Journal of Natural History Museum&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Vol. 23, 2008 Page 108-124&lt;/p&gt;}, journal={Journal of Natural History Museum}, author={Shrestha, Keshav and Wilson, Emma and Gay, Honer}, year={2009}, month={Jun.}, pages={108–124} }