Keratomalacia in a Neonate Born to a Mother with Night Blindness: A Case Report

Abstract

Introduction: Xerophthalmia, caused by vitamin A deficiency, is a significant public health problem that can lead to
severe ocular surface damage, including keratomalacia and permanent blindness if not promptly treated.

Case: A 26-day-old male neonate presented with bilateral corneal clouding ten days after birth. Ocular examination revealed corneal xerosis in both eyes and a corneal perforation in the right eye, which was sealed with iris tissue. The mother reported a history of night blindness during the third trimester of pregnancy, suggestive of maternal vitamin A deficiency.

Observation: Both the mother and the neonate were treated with vitamin A supplementation. The neonate additionally received supportive ocular management with artificial tears and topical antibiotics. Following treatment, there was marked improvement in the neonatal ocular surface, and the mother’s night blindness resolved.

Conclusion: Adequate maternal nutrition, proper antenatal care, and prompt diagnosis of Vitamin A deficiency are important for the prevention of xerophthalmia in both mother and neonate.