Distribution of Malocclusion Traits among Orthodontic Patients in a Tertiary Care Center of Western Nepal

Objectives: To determine the pattern of distribution of dental malocclusion in a sample of Nepalese orthodontic patients in Western Nepal. Materials & Method: A sample consisted of 200 study casts of patient who visited Department of Orthodontics, UCMS, Bhairahawa who had never undergone orthodontic treatment previously. The total sample size was divided into male and female groups, age was divided into 3 groups: 8-11 years, 12-17 years, and 18-36 years. All data was recorded and analyzed with SPSS software version 22. Result: Among the total 200 casts examined; the distribution of malocclusion according to Angle’s classification was: Class I malocclusion in 101(50.5%), Class II malocclusion in 90(45%) sample and Class III in 9(4.5%) samples. Conclusion: Angle’s Class I malocclusion was the most prevalent malocclusion among orthodontic patients visiting UCMS College of Dental Surgery.

when evaluating and advising potential patient regarding the desirability of the treatment.Also epidemiological data is essential in assessing the resource required for orthodontic services and can provide valuable information regarding the etiology of malocclusion.

Various epidemiological studies have been conducted
worldwide to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and to describe the occlusal trait. 3,4Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III) provide a clear picture of malocclusion in the US population in the 1990s. 4In this context very few studies have been conducted to assess the pattern of distribution of dental malocclusion among the population of western region of Nepal. 5The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of distribution of dental malocclusion in a sample of Nepalese orthodontic patient visiting a tertiary care center of Western Nepal.

MATERIALS AND METHOD
The

RESULT
Out of 200 study casts examined 74 study casts were of male and 126 were of female.The ratio between male to female was 0.58:1 (Table 1).The age range in the study was 8-36 years with the mean of 18.74 years.Age groups were divided into 3 groups: 8-11 years, 12-17 years and 18-36 years.Among them the age group of 18-36 (61.5%) was the most to seek the orthodontic treatment while the age group 8-11years (3%) was the least (Table 2).
The distribution of malocclusion according to Angle's classification showed that; Class I malocclusion was most prevalent with 101(50.5%)sample followed by Class II malocclusion in 90(45%) and Class III in 9(4.5%) (Table3).According to gender distribution, all forms of malocclusions were more prevalent in female subjects (Table 4).Among the age groups; in 8-11 and 12-17 years Class II malocclusion was the most prevalent, however in age group 18-36 the most prevalent malocclusion was Class I (Table 5).
To test the association between distribution of malocclusion and gender; Pearson chi square value was calculated.At ∝ value set at 0.05 and df of 2, the p-value was 0.62(p<0.05);thus the association was nonsignificant (Table 4).However, the association between the distribution of malocclusion and age was statistically significant (p=0.023)(Table 5).
Halwai HK, Gautam V: Distribution of Malocclusion Traits among Orthodontic Patients in a Tertiary Care Center of Western Nepal

CONCLUSION
Based on the pretreatment records of the patients seeking orthodontic treatment in a tertiary care teaching hospital; the status of malocclusion in a sample of Western region of Nepal is: 1.The frequency of Angle's Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusion was found to be 50.5%,45% and 4.5% respectively, with Class I malocclusion being the most prevalent.
2. Most of the numbers of patients seeking orthodontic treatment were female (63%).

Most of the numbers of patients seeking orthodontic
treatment were of the age group 18-35(61.5%).
Halwai HK, Gautam V: Distribution of Malocclusion Traits among Orthodontic Patients in a Tertiary Care Center of Western Nepal sample consisted of 200 study models of patient with the age group of 8-36 years who have visited Department of Orthodontics, Universal College of Medical Sciences-College of Dental Surgery, Bhairahawa for orthodontic treatment.The study was conducted by evaluating the study model of the patients.Samples having full complement of permanent teeth with the exception of third molars were included in the study.Dentitions with missing molars, any history of jaw trauma, presence of masticatory disharmony, and temporomandibular joint disorders were exclude from the study.The study model was examined to classify into Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusion according to Angle's classification system.The classification was done using Angle's molar relationship on study models of each patient to describe the malocclusion in anterior-posterior plane and data were recorded in the data collection sheet.All the data were analyzed with SPSS software version 22.

Table 5 : Association of malocclusion with age group
*Statistically significant at p<0.05 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol. 7 No. 1,

June 2017 DISCUSSION
4ext highest group are of class II (15%) and the least number are of Class III (less than 1 %) and the remainder of population had normal occlusion (30%).4Frequency of Class II malocclusion was higher in our study as compared to the NHANES report.Since our study used the study cast of only the patient seeking orthodontic treatment none of them had normal occlusion.