DMC Journal

समाज, साहित्य र ललितकला

तेजविलास अधिकारी — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

प्रस्तुत लेखमा समाज, साहित्य र ललितकलाको परिचयका साथै आपसी सम्बन्धका विविध आयाम प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । समाज विकासको प्रक्रियामा मानव भावनाको अभिव्यक्तिले स्थान पायो । मानिस आफ्नो भावनालाई केवल आफूमा मात्र सीमित राख्न सक्दैन । मानव अभिव्यक्तिको साधन भाषाको प्रयोग गर्दै सजिलो जीवनयात्राको मार्ग खोज्दै हिँड्यो । उसले अपनाएको मार्ग कष्टकर थियो तर असम्भव भने थिएन । मानिसले तय गरेको यात्राको लयको माध्यम मूलतः कला हो । भाषाको स्रोत सोच मात्र होइन वस्तु पनि हो । वस्तुको निर्माण आवश्यकताको सिद्धान्तमा आधारित हुन्छ । यस कोणबाट हेर्दा भाषा, वस्तु निर्माणले समाजको सन्दर्भलाई जोड्दै लग्यो । बाँच्ने कला निर्माण गर्दै जाँदा निर्मित वस्तुहरूको नामकरण गरियो । यसका साथै वस्तुको मौलिक विधि र सामग्रीको खोजीको पक्ष पनि महत्वपूर्ण बन्यो । यस हिसाबले समाजको निर्माणमा भाषाले अभिव्यक्तिको माध्यम बनेर अनि कलाले जीविकोपार्जनको आधारभूत पक्ष बनेर सघाएको छ । यही कोणबाट हेर्दा समाजको भाषा निर्माणमा मान्छेद्वारा निर्मित वस्तुको स्थान र वस्तुले भाषाको शब्दभण्डार निर्माण र कलात्मक अभिव्यक्तिको पाटोमा दोहोरै सघाएको देखिन्छ । त्यसैले कला के हो ? कला कुन प्रयोजनका लागि अनि कलाले साहित्य र साहित्यले कलालाई कसरी समेट्छ भन्ने जिज्ञासामा आधारित भई सिङ्गो समाज निर्माणमा कला, साहित्य र समाजभित्र कला साहित्यको स्थान कस्तो छ भन्ने यस लेखको निष्कर्ष रहेको छ ।

गाउँको माया कथामा सीमान्तीयता

नवराज नेम्वाङ — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन सीमान्तीय चेतनासँग सम्बन्धित छ । गाउँको माथा कथा सीमान्तकृत वर्गको अध्ययनमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ।यसले सदियौँदेखि आर्थिक, सामाजिक,राजनीतिक,शैक्षिक जस्ता क्षेत्रमा बञ्चित रही किनारीकृत भएर बाँच्न बाध्य वर्गको खोजी गर्दछ।यस अध्ययनले राज्यको मूलधारवाट बहिष्कृत, वर्ग, जाति, लिङ्गको पहिचान गरी समानअवसर र प्रतिनिधत्वमा आवाज उठाउँछ । कथाकार 'इस्माली' महेश्वरप्रसाद उपाध्यायले यस कथामा नेपाली तराई क्षेत्रमा स्थापित प्रभुत्त्वशाली संस्कृतिले परापूर्वकाल देखि गरिवलाई पुस्तौँ पुस्ताँ वर्गीय किनारीकृतको सिकार वनाएको अवस्था चित्रण गरेका छन् । नेपालका तराई भूभागमा समाजका उच्च ठालु मानिएका व्यक्तिहरूले गरिव, कामदारहरूलाई अन्याय,अत्याचार दमन गर्दै आएका छन् । कथामा परम्परावादी प्रभुत्ववादी मान्यताको विरोध जनाउन उत्पीडित वर्ग एकजुट हुँदै प्रतिरोधी चेतनाको विकास हुँदै गरेको प्रसङ्ग समेत प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।

'उकास' कथामा आञ्चलिकता

बोमबहादुर खड्का — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक लेख सनत रेग्मीद्वारा लेखिएको ‘उकास’ कथा आञ्चलिकता शीर्षकमा केन्द्रित छ । आञ्चलिकता शब्दको अर्थ अञ्चलसँग सम्बन्धित रहेको हुन्छ । त्यहीँ कथाञ्चलमा देखिएका प्राकृतिक एवं मानव निर्मित मौलिक विशेषतालाई नै आञ्चलिकता भनिन्छ । कुनै निश्चित कथाञ्चलमा आधारित रहेर त्यस भेगमा देखिएका सिद्धान्त, मूल्यमान्यता, वेशभूषा, सभ्यता, भूगोल तथा प्रकृति, सामाजिक सांस्कृतिक स्थिति, आर्थिक स्थिति, शिक्षाको स्थिति, भाषिक स्थिाति, चालचलन, लोकतत्व, राजनीतिक चेतना, चाडपर्व आदि विशेषताको समष्टि रूप नै आञ्चलिकता हो । यस विवेच्य कथाको कथाञ्चल बाँके जिल्लाको रापती नदी पारि दक्षिणी तराई क्षेत्र रहेको छ । कथाञ्चलमा देखिएका रापती मैयाँले छाडेकी नदीको किनारमा रहेको उकास जमिनको भूगोल तथा प्रकृति, रापती नदीले त्यस क्षेत्रका बासिन्दालाई प्रत्येक सालको बर्षातमा दिने सास्ती तथा हैरानी र त्यस भेगमा स्थायी रूपमा बसोबास गर्ने अहिर, धोबी, चमार, महतो, कोरी, दर्जी आदि जस्ता निम्न वर्गीय जातजातिको भाषा, वेशभूषा, निम्न स्तरको आर्थिक स्थिति, शैक्षिक स्थिति रहेको देखिन्छ । त्यसैगरी त्यस क्षेत्रका गरिबलाई शोषण गर्न ठाकुर, पटवारी, मुखिया जस्ता पद निर्माण गरी पुस्त्यौली शोषण गरेको देखिएकाले विवेच्य कथा आञ्चलिक हो भन्ने कुरा स्पष्ट रहेको छ ।

परिवार नियोजनका साधनको ज्ञान तथा प्रयोग

लिलाबहादुर खत्री — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

परिवार नियोजन मानव जातिका लागि महत्त्वपूर्ण साधनको रूपमा रहेको छ । यसले मानव विकास वा मानव सभ्यतालाई उच्चाइसम्म पुराउन महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान गर्दछ । यसको प्रयोगबाट व्यक्ति, परिवार, समाज, राष्ट्र र विश्वलाई नै परिवर्तन गरी मानव जीवनमा सकरात्मक परिवर्तन गर्न सकिन्छ । त्यसैले यो अनुसन्धानबाट प्राप्त तथ्याङ्कलाई नेपालका जुनसुकै भुगोलमा पनि सामान्यीकरण गर्ने गरी खोटाङ जिल्लाको दिक्तेल रुपाकोट मझुवागढी नगरपालिकाभित्र अध्ययन गरिएको हो । यो अनुसन्धान परिमाणात्मक ढाँचामा आधारित रही दिक्तेल रुपाकोट मझुवागढी नगरपालिका भित्र सम्भाव्य नमुना छनोट विधि अन्तर्गत चिठ्ठा विधिको माध्यमबाट वडा नं. २, ७, ८, १५ का २०० जना १५ देखि ४९ वर्ष उमेर समूहका विवाहित दम्पतीहरू मध्येबाट १०० जना महिला र १०० जना पुरुषलाई अनुसन्धानको केन्द्रमा राखी प्राथमिक तथा द्वितीयस्रोतलाई समेत प्रयोग गर्दै २०८० सालको असार महिनामा गरिएको सर्वेक्षणबाट परिवार नियोजन सेवा र परिवार नियोजनका साधनको ज्ञानको दरमा पाँचवटा साधन वा विधिभन्दा बढी जानकारी राख्ने मानिसको सङ्ख्या ५० प्रतिशत, तीनवटा साधनको जानकारी राख्ने मानिसको सङ्ख्या ३५ प्रतिशत, कुनै एक वा सो भन्दा बढी साधनको बारेमा जानकारी राख्ने मानिसको सङ्ख्या १० प्रतिशत रहँदा कुनै पनि साधनको बारेमा जानकारी प्राप्त नगर्ने मानिसको सङ्ख्या ५ प्रतिशत रहेको छ । परिवार नियोजनका साधन प्रयोगकर्ताको दर ९०.५ प्रतिशत रहेको छ । उक्त प्रतिशतमध्ये पुरुष प्रयोगकर्ताको दर २५.५ प्रतिशत रहँदा महिला प्रयोगकर्ताको दर ७४.५ प्रतिशत रहेको छ । परिवार नियोजनका साधनको प्रकृतिको आधारमा विश्लेषण गर्दा ७२.५ प्रतिशतले अस्थायी, २२ प्रतिशतले स्थायी तथा ५.५ प्रतिशत प्रयोगकर्ताले प्राकृतिक विधिहरू अवलम्बन गरेको तथ्याङ्क छ । परिवार नियोजनको स्थायी विधि अवलम्बन गर्ने ६६ प्रतिशत पुरुष रहदा ३४ प्रतिशत महिला रहेका छन् भने अस्थायी विधिमा ८२ प्रतिशत महिला प्रयोगकर्ता हुँदा पुरुष प्रयोगकर्ता १८ प्रतिशत रहेका छन् । यस अनुसन्धानबाट परिवार नियोजनका अस्थायी साधनको प्रयोगदरमा डिपोप्रोभेरा ३५ प्रतिशत, पिल्स २० प्रतिशत, कन्डम १७.६० प्रतिशत, इकोन १२ प्रतिशत, नरप्लान्ट ८ प्रतिशत, कपर्टी ५ प्रतिशत र अन्य विविध विधि अवलम्बन गर्ने प्रयोगकर्ताको दर ३.४० प्रतिशत रहेको छ भने परिवार नियोजनका साधनको प्रयोग पश्चात् स्वास्थ्य समस्या उत्पन्न भएका प्रयोगकर्ताको दर २३ प्रतिशत रहेको र उक्त समस्या मध्ये महिनावारी गडबडी ३५ प्रतिशत, मोटोपनमा वृद्धि ३२ प्रतिशत, टाउको दुख्ने १५ प्रतिशत, एलर्जी हुने ८ प्रतिशत, रिङ्गटा लाग्ने ६ प्रतिशत र अन्य विविध समस्या हुने प्रयोगकर्ताको दर ४ प्रतिशत रहेको निष्कर्ष छ ।

नेपाली राजनीतिमा दलित समावेशीकरण

परशुराम रम्तेल — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

समावेशीकरण भन्ने विषय आफैंमा वृहत र गतिशील विषय हो । समाज र राज्यमा विगतदेखि नै आर्थिक, राजनीतिक, सामाजिक–सांस्कृतिक, शैक्षिक, मावन स्रोत र साधनको क्षेत्र लगायतका जीवनका सम्पूर्ण पक्षबाट शक्ति र पहुँचबाट वहिष्करणमा पारिँदै आएका वर्ग र समुदायलाई विशेष प्रावधानको विकासद्धारा राज्यको मूल प्रवाहमा ल्याउन विशेष सिद्धान्तको अवलम्बन गर्नु नै समावेशीकरण सिद्धान्त हो । नेपालको राजनीतिमा दलित समुदायको राजनीतिक प्रतिनिधित्व र उपस्थितिलाई विभिन्न कोणबाट हेर्नु उपयुक्त हुन्छ । आजको भूमण्डलीकृत विश्वमा जात व्यवस्थाका कारण दलित समुदायको उपस्थिति हरेक क्षेत्रमा निकै नै कमजोर छ । नेपालको राजनीतिक आन्दोलनको इतिहासमा दलित समुदायले यथेष्ट मात्रामा आफ्नो भूमिका खेल्दै बलिदानको कोटा चुक्ता गर्दै आएका छन् । तर, परिवर्तनपछि राजनीतिक दलभित्र, राज्यसंरचनामा र राजनीतिमा दलित मुद्दाहरु तथा यस समुदायको भौतिक उपस्थिति सधैंव कमजोर रहँदै आयो । दलित समुदाय केही पनि होइनन्, उनीहरुको मुद्दा र प्रतिनिधित्वलाई खासै महत्व दिनुहुँदैन, दलितलाई घृणा, विभेद र अपमान नै गरिरहनु पर्दछ भन्ने परम्परावादी गलत भाष्यले काम गरेको देखिन्छ । यस लेखमा नेपाली राजनीतिमा दलित सहभागिताको अवस्था कस्तो छ ? सहभागिता कमजोर हुनुमा कस्तो प्रवृत्तिहरुले काम गरेको छ ? संवैधानिक र कानूनी व्यवस्था कस्ता छन् र यसको प्रभावकारी कार्यान्वयनमा राज्य र राजनीतिक दलहरुले कस्ता उपायहरुको अवलम्बन गर्नुपर्ला, दलित मुक्तिका लागि सकारात्मक उपायका विशेष व्यवस्था कस्तो हुनुपर्ला आदि बारेमा अध्ययन, अनुसन्धान र विचार विमर्श गर्न खोजिएको छ । नेपाली दलित आन्दोलनलाई नयाँ ढंगले समाजको विकास प्रक्रिया, राज्यका दलित सम्बन्धी प्रावधान र राजनीतिक दलहरुले दलित सम्बन्धी प्रगतिशील नीतिको अवलम्बन गरी दलित मुद्दाप्रतिको सही बुझाईसहित राजनीतिक क्षेत्र र राज्यप्रणालीभित्र दलित समुदायको सहभागितामा वृद्धि गर्दै समानुपातिक सहभागितामा पुर्याउने नीति लिई त्यसको प्रभावकारी कार्यान्वयन गरिनु पर्ने जरुरी देखिन्छ ।

Early Childhood Education and Development in Nepal: Status, Trends and Challenges

Dhurba Kumar Shrestha — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Early Childhood Education and Development (ECED) is considered as foundations of modern education system in Nepal. It's the preparedness of children for school in terms of their physical growth, mental capacities, and social adjustment. Over the last two decades, some notable achievements have been achieved beside low investment by the government in ECED sectors in Nepal. The average ECED gross enrollment rate have reached at 89.62 per cent and achieved attractive progress in gender (0.92) parity in ECED. However, community-based ECEDs in geographically remote area are running without basic requirements. An execution of Local Government Operation Act-2017 (LGRG) and School Education Sector Plan (2022-32) contributing to strengthen the ECED in Nepal. Inadequate investment, insufficient ECEDs, absence of skilled and permanent ECED facilitator, dissimilarities between ECEDs, lack of friendlier infrastructure, complexities to implement bilingual curriculum, inaccessible and unaffordable education system, existence of dual education system, and structural discriminations are still observed as unsolved issues. This paper tries to review the status, trends and challenges associated to Early Childhood Education Development in Nepal.

Changes of Family Structure in Nepal

Dewa Kumar Rai — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This research article explores the changing family structures in DiktelRupakotMajhuwagadhi Municipality, Khotang, Nepal, driven by various factors such as modernization, globalization, urbanization, and westernization. The study employs a cross-sectional design with a purposive sampling method, gathering data from 1032 respondents who are heads of their respective families, sons, and daughters. The research examines the transition from extended family structures to nuclear families, family authority patterns, healthcare preferences, and economic conditions.The findings indicate a significant shift towards nuclear families, with 70% of families being small nuclear units, and 30% being larger joint family systems. Family authority is increasingly shared between husbands and wives, with both spouses making joint decisions in areas such as expenditure, agricultural work, marriage, and property-related matters.However, the study acknowledges its limitations and recommends further research to understand the underlying reasons behind the observed changes in family structures and decision-making patterns.

Oh Pengdorje: The Voice of Margin for Liberation

Bhimnath Regmi — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This article aims to establish connections between the Tamang community, the Tamang people, and the poet's introspective observations of his own circumstances. It provides a comprehensive exploration of this concept and its application to the communal perception within the Tamang community. The poet achieves a heightened level of imagination, thanks to his Marxist outlook and ideology, gaining recognition in both political and cultural spheres. Furthermore, the article delves into the role of class within the literary work, examining characters, and battling oppression. The poet's discussion on oppression as a pervasive societal issue takes center stage in this paper.The reviewed collection of poems establishes a powerful link between subjective experiences and an objective world, serving as a conduit to engage readers in societal reflections. Writing, as emphasized by many previous authors in this series, serves as a means to explore, learn, and contribute. While the desire to become a writer may carry a scent of vanity and ambition, this particular writing style stands out for its focus on compassion and inquiry. The poet Raju Syangtan elaborates on his personal journey towards adopting this distinctive writing style.The narrative style in his writing revolves around themes of family, history, class struggle, departure from home, the quest for truth, return from fighting, forging a unique path, and embracing compassion and curiosity from the past to the present. The Marxist school of literary criticism serves as the guiding principle in the investigation of select poems within this framework.

Nepal’s National Security in Changing Political Circumstances

Sarmila Bagale — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This article explores the several security challenges faced by small and landlocked countries which seem to be harmful for peace, prosperity, security and development. Small and landlocked countries, like Nepal, in the world are experiencing different security challenges at present in the backdrop of different political power. The national security in twenty first century is meant for peace, prosperity and economic progress and development. In the changing dynamics of Nepal, especially after the promulgation of the Constitution in 2015, the security issue has been a major concern for political stability and international relations. Though the security issue has a very long history, since the beginning of human civilization it was important, its goal is not ended yet. Nonetheless, the internal and external dynamics of national security have been shifted in the changing contexts of regional, and global political power. It has diverse sensitivity in different circumstances of political regime. The classical agro-based state-constructed security is relocated into human-centric notion for peace, stability and development. Contrary the small and landlocked states are always in threat in different ways which is undoubtedly different things to different people. The sense of national security in the academia involves mitigation of physical threat and psychological fear. As a result, the cherished values collapsed and affect the conditions of peace, stability and development.

Socio-Economic Status and Fertility Behavior among Tamang Women in Bhaktapur

Rita Bhandari — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study "Socio-Economic Status and Fertility Behavior among Tamang Women in Bhaktapur District" was carried out with the main objective of to identify the socio-economic status and fertility behavior among the Tamang women in the study area. The study included 169 married Tamang women of reproductive age group selected from census method. By conducting this research it is concluded that most of the women get married at the age of 15-20 years. Which was 48.5 percent of the total in the same way education, economic status, religion, occupation and family income were the dominant socio-economic factors of affecting the fertility behavior.

Out of 169 respondents in the study area, 69.82 percent respondents were literate and 30.17 percent population was illiterate. Out of 169 respondents 60 percent were engaged in the agriculture sector, followed by 25 percent of hose hold workers. Most of the respondents were using family planning method for limiting birth. From the viewpoint of effects of socio-economic variables on fertility behavior, medium income group was 66.27 percent, low income 19.52 percent and high income was 14.20 percent. In education field, illiterate 30.17 percent, secondary level 79.66 percent and higher level 20.33 percent. In occupation involved in agriculture was 60.35 percent, household chose 24.85 percent, business 16.05 percent and other 4.73 percent. Similarly this study had found that the total number of respondents with their average CEB was 2.52 per family.

High fertility culture was shown by these people. Lower fertility, behavior was associated with literacy and having higher age at marriage. It is argued that fertility remains high due to high child mortality. High fertility has ensured high dependency and family burden. Similarly current skewed distribution of population towards the younger ages would result high fertility level in the years to come.

Restructuring Nepalese Societies Through Residential Relocation and it's Social Effects

Keshav Raj Silwal — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This paper focuses to voluntary relocation of residents of Nepalese society and its effects on social relationship which unfolds the restructuring and transforming old residential structure of Nepalese society. Some scholars attribute the individual factors to the residential relocation and exemplify the life-cycle changes of household heads or household composition such as the age, employment or marital status of the household head and the number of children (Rossi, 1955, p. 24). They believe that the increase of marriage rate and fertility rate are determinative conditions for the residential relocation and rapid expansion of suburban areas. Besides these arguments, many scholars have embraced various facets of social change with residential relocation and find that most residents move to significantly higher income and less racially segregated suburban neighbourhoods with access to better infrastructure, services, and amenities (Deluca et al., 2005; Diewald and Mayer, 2009). Suburban growth is propelled by transportation and technology development such as mass-produced automobiles and highways. It is interesting social phenomenon in Nepal that the residents on hilly side and remote areas are relocating slightly downward and near to market areas. This paper follows field work on Lele valley, Lalitpur district which is emerging suburban area. It finds that people prefer to relocate their residents near to market and transport facilities creating a new social relationship. . It is found that they relocate their residents because of income sent from their family members who are in foreign employment or they sell their land. They introduce a new type of nexus and relationship with new neighbors who are not among their kinship and start bounding in every occasion.

Banking Service and Customer Satisfaction Towards Online Banking: A Case Study in Khotang District

Harka Bir Rai — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of the study is to investigate the online banking user customers’ perception about service quality and customer satisfaction and also to explore the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction of online banking. To conduct the analysis, 70 customers were randomly selected as respondents from five banks located in Khotang district. The questionnaire consisted of 21 questions covering five dimensions of service quality, namely, reliability, security, convenience, and ease of use. Customer satisfaction was measured using Likert scale. The SPSS descriptive statistics result shows that 28.86% of respondents were found fully satisfied with the reliability service of online banking service. Similarly, 46.69%, 49.06%, and 36.79% were found fully satisfied with the security, convenience and ease of use of online banking services. SPSS data analysis results in a Cronch Bach Alpha calculation of 0.956, indicating excellent reliability. Security, Convenience, and Ease of Use also demonstrate excellent reliability with Cronch Bach Alpha scores of 0.996, 0.935, and 0.989, respectively. The reliability analysis shows that the customer's satisfaction with online banking is excellent. Also, the hypothesis testing Reliability, Security, Convenience and Ease of Use have a relationship with customer satisfaction toward online banking.

Chamling and English Possessive Pronouns: A Contrastive Analysis

Krishna Bahadur Rai — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to explore and compare the Chamling possessive pronouns with English possessive pronouns. Data on possessive pronouns in the Chamling language were collected from seven native speakers and compared to English possessive pronouns gathered from secondary sources. The contrastive analysis of Chamling and English possessive pronouns reveals differences in number, position, and gender. Chamling possessive pronoun consists of inclusive, and exclusive systems, according to the involvement of the addressees, whereas the English possessive pronoun does not have such a system. In addition, the Chamling possessive pronoun comprises singular, dual, and plural forms, however, the English possessive pronoun consists of only singular and plural systems. The number of Chamling possessive pronouns is more than that of English, with ten and six respectively. English pronouns are used in the initial position as the subject and the final position as the object of the sentences, whereas Chamling possessive pronouns never occur in these positions. In English, the third-person singular possessive pronoun has gender distinctions with "his" for masculine and "hers" for feminine. However, Chamling's possessive pronoun does not have such distinctions.

Potentialities and Challenges of Project-Based Method in Pedagogy

Shyam Kumar Rai — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Project based method is one of the most effective processes in pedagogy. Learning by doing theory is implemented by this method. The prime objectives of this study are to investigate the benefits and challenges of project based method and contribute in pedagogical process through new findings. Its findings will support to teachers to develop theirs professional skills and accordingly it helps to develop the learners’ intellectual as well as social skills. The target populations were selected from school students and campus lecturers for its findings. Purposeful sampling method was administered to select the sample population. Semi structured questionnaire, focused group discussion and observation were administered to collect the data from the respondents. Mixed approach is applied in this study. Previous literatures and present application condition of project method were methodologically analyzed. After its analysis, previous literatures and current application conditions of the project based method were traced similar.

Effective Teaching Mathematics at School Level: A Perspective from Nepal

Susmita Pathak — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Mathematical facilitators all across the globe are using fresh approaches and making use of productive results, implementation of research-based methods to teach mathematics in the classroom. A cooperative knowledge-building approach, i.e. Iterative Best Evidence Synthesis Program, is required for classroom instruction. This study gives guidelines for effective educational techniques that promote instructors for varied learners by drawing on results from mathematics, the intuitive notions that have been utilized in the classroom, and recent research investigations. In examining the links between pedagogical practices and a range of social and academic student outcomes, this article draws on the histories, cultures, language, and practices for the Nepali context.