Interdisciplinary Research in Education

Editorial Vol.7(2)

Ram Prasad Bhattarai — Fri, 13 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

No abstract available.

कक्षा ११ को ‘नेपाली’ पाठ्यपुस्तकका कथा विधामा प्रयुक्त नमुना अभ्यास

दिनेश घिमिरे — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

प्रस्तुत लेखमा कक्षा ११ को ‘नेपाली’ (२०७७) पाठ्यपुस्तकका कथा पाठहरूमा प्रयुक्त नमुना अभ्यासका प्रश्नहरूलाई कथा शिक्षणको विधागत प्रयोजन र पाठ्यव्रmमका उद्देश्यअनुरूप विश्लेषण गरी तिनको उपयुक्तता र पर्याप्तता पहिल्याइएको छ । यसमा पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययनबाट सामग्री सङ्कलन र वर्णनात्मक विधिबाट व्याख्या विश्लेषण गरी निष्कर्षमा पुगिएको छ । यस अध्ययनबाट प्राप्त निष्कर्षका आधारमा कक्षा ११ को नेपाली पाठ्यपुस्तकको नमुना अभ्यास भाषिक सिप विकासमा केन्द्रित रहेको देखिन्छ । त्यस्तै यस पुस्तकमा भाषिक सिपहरूमध्ये सबैभन्दा बढी लेखाइ सिपमा, त्यसपछि व्रmमशः पढाइ, बोलाइ र सुनाइमा जोड दिनु उक्त कक्षामा विधा शिक्षणका दृष्टिले उपयुक्त मान्न सकिन्छ । कथा पाठका नमुना अभ्यासमा प्रश्नगत पर्याप्तता र विविधता पाइन्छ । साथै उक्त कक्षाको नेपाली भाषा पाठ्यव्रmमले अपेक्षा गरेअनुरूपका भाषिक सिपगत सक्षमता हासिल हुने खालका प्रश्नहरू रहेकाले यो सबल रहेको देखिन्छ । कथा विधा शिक्षण प्रयोजनका दृष्टिका साथै अभ्यासका प्रश्नहरूबाट निर्देशित सिकाइ व्रिmयाकलापलाई आधार मान्दा कथा पाठको नमुना अभ्यास, शब्दभण्डार र पठनबोध क्षमता विकासका दृष्टिले उत्तम, प्रश्नोत्तर, घटनाव्रmम, समीक्षा, प्रतिव्रिmया लेखन, सिर्जना र परियोजना कार्यसम्बद्ध क्षमता विकासका दृष्टिले मध्यम अनि बुँदाटिपोट र सारांश लेखन क्षमता विकासका दृष्टिले निम्न रहेको देखिन्छ । नमुना अभ्यासमा सुनाइ पाठ र त्यससम्बद्ध अभ्यासलाई छुट्टै शीर्षक दिई सुनाइ र बोलाइ सिपका अभ्यास गराउन खोज्नु यस पुस्तकको नवीन पक्षहो । तथापि सुनाइ र बोलाइका अभ्यासमा लेखाइसम्बद्ध प्रश्नहरू समेत रहेकाले तिनको सट्टा यस खण्डमा सुनाइ बोलाइको मात्र अभ्यास गराउँदा अझ प्रभावकारी हुने देखिन्छ ।

प्रयोग सापेक्षमा भाषाको अस्तित्व

राजेन्द्र खनाल — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

मानिससँग भाषाको अभेद्य सम्बन्ध छ । भाषाको गति वा अस्तित्व मानिसको भाषिक व्यवहारमा आधारित हुन्छ । भाषाको अस्तित्वका सवालमा सचेतवर्ग विशेष संवेदनशील बन्नु आवश्यक छ । यस लेखको मूल उद्देश्य भाषाको अस्तित्व, जीवन तथा मृत्युका सन्दर्भमा सैद्धान्तिक स्वरूप उल्लेख गर्दै तिनको पुस्ट्याईँका लागि तथ्यपरक उदाहरणसमेत प्रस्तुत गर्नु हो । यो लेख पूर्णतः गुणात्मक ढाँचामा तयार पारिएको छ । यसमा भाषाको अस्तित्वसँग सम्बद्ध भाषिक अवलम्बन, भाषिक स्वीकरण, भाषिक अपक्षय, भाषिक मृत्युका बारेमा चर्चा गरिएका सैद्धान्तिक ग्रन्थ एवम् तीन जना भिन्न भाषीसँग गरिएको संवादलाई प्रमुख स्रोत सामग्री बनाइएको छ । विश्वका अधिकांश भाषाहरू जस्तै नेपालका अधिकांश भाषाहरूको पनि पहिचान र अस्तित्व सङ्कटोन्मुख छ । नेपालका सबै राष्ट्रभाषालाई समाज तथा समुदायले विशेष पहिचान दिने र राज्यका विभिन्न संरचनाबाट त्यस्ता भाषाको संरक्षण एवम् प्रवर्धनमा विशेष कार्यक्रम सञ्चालन गर्नुपर्ने आवश्यकता रहेको छ । प्रत्येक मातृभाषी आआफ्ना भाषाको अवलम्बन गर्दै अन्य भाषाको अनावश्यक स्वीकरणको दिशाबाट विमुख हुन सकेमा मात्र नेपालका कुनै पनि भाषा मृत्युको मुखमा पर्दैनन् र सबै भाषाको संरक्षण एवम् प्रवर्धन हुने सम्भावना रहन्छ । तसर्थ प्रत्येक भाषाका मूल वक्ताहरूले आआफ्नै भाषाका माध्यमबाट भाषिक व्यवहार गर्दै आआफ्ना भाषाप्रति सचेततापूर्वक समर्पित हुनु आवश्यक छ । साथै, यस सवालमा राज्यसंयन्त्र, अनुसन्धाता एवम् प्राज्ञिक व्यक्तित्वहरूको पनि प्रमुख भूमिका हुने भएकाले संवेदनशील बन्नु आवश्यक देखिन्छ ।

समकालीन नेपाली कथामा प्रयुक्त कथानकका स्रोत

बिन्दु शर्मा — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

प्रस्तुत लेखमा समकालीन नेपाली कथाहरुलाई पाठका रुपमा लिई तिनमा प्रयुक्त कथानकका स्रोतहरुको पहिचान र समाख्यानात्मक प्रभावकारिताको मूल्याङ्कन गरिएको छ । २०६२÷६३ सालको लोकतान्त्रिक आन्दोलनपछिका समकालीन नेपाली कथाहरुमा प्रयुक्त कथानककास्रोतका रुपमा यथार्थमूलक अनुभव, इतिहास, मिथक, रागात्मक सौन्दर्य र स्वैरकल्पनालाई लिइएको छ भन्ने देखाई कथामा ती स्रोतका विषयक्षेत्रका घटना, पात्र, परिवेश र चिन्तनले खेलेको भूमिकालाई स्थापित गर्नु यस लेखको उद्देश्य हो । यसमा कथानकको स्रोतविश्लेषणका निम्ति सोद्देश्यमूलक रुपमादस कथा छनोट गरी कथानकका स्रोतसम्बन्धी आधारभूत मान्यतालाई सैद्धान्तिक ढाँचाका रूपमा अवलम्बनका साथ पाठगत विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यसमा यथार्थमूलक अनुभव र रागात्मक सौन्दर्यलाई स्रोतका रुपमा लिइएका कथाहरुसँग पाठकीय निकटता अधिक रहेको र इतिहास, मिथक एवम् स्वैरकल्पनालाई स्रोतका रुपमा लिएका कथाहरुमा पुजर्सिर्जना रहने हुँदा बौद्धिकता र साङ्केतिकताको अधिकताका कारण कलात्मक प्रभावकारिता समृद्ध भएको देखिएको छ भने अधिकांश कथा एकल स्रोतका रहे पनि स्रोतगत मिश्रणको सम्भावनाबाट समेत केही कथाले नवीनता पाएको निष्कर्ष यस लेखमा निकालिएको छ ।

Digital Interactive Collaboration in Mathematical Practices of Management System

Arjun Neupane — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Recent trends of mathematics education using the open and distance mode was more effective recent and useful. The theoretical framework was the full of the paradigm shift of the recent mode and relevant of the system. I have taught in the Operations Research in the online education and make the effective idea of the education. The pedagogy of the education in the methodology, groups of students in the schools. The different mode of student was the mode of mathematics in the Game theory, Markov chains, Queuing theory, Dynamic programming, Transportation and Assessment programs. Inventory and Replacement model and Forecasting model are the beautiful aspect in the methods. The online methods were the better for the books. The online methods were the virtual classroom, online conceptual elaboration and technology integrated pedagogy in open and distance learning (ODL). It is suggested that LMS like Moodle is more effective in teaching and learning mathematics education using open and distance mode for higher education in Nepal.

Ethnomathematics and Curriculum: An Ethnographic Study in Limbu Community

Krishna Prasad Bhatta, Smiriti Kandangwa — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This study was carried out to see the indigenous practices and the hidden knowledge of mathematics in the ancientartifacts inthe Limbu community. This study aims to explore,how they internalize the phenomenon related to mathematics in their daily life. The entire research process of the study was guided by the Interpretivism paradigm followed by ethnographic design with the observation of documents and daily used artifacts which can be blended intothe local curriculum. Nepal is a multicultural, multilingual, multiethnic country with diverse flora and fauna. We have many artifacts and local mathematical practices in different communities. The purpose of this paperis to introduce the concept of Ethnomathematics and its relevance to classroom activities.This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive concept of some of the current and recent scholarly literature concerning Ethnomathematics and the applicability of Ethnomathematics as a practical teaching approach, particularly for underrepresented students.

Interconnecting Vipassana with Human Health and School Curriculum

Santosh Lama, Bhagwan Aryal — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

A desk review was done to analyze the relevance of Vipassana with the overall dimensions of health and to find out its interconnection with the school curriculum for enhancing the education sector and shifting the paradigm. Secondary data were collected via an internet online portal and analyzed by making a theme. Literature shows that Vipassana has a tremendous positive impact on human health dimensions like physical, mental, social, psychological, and spiritual health. Vipassana with its moral code and precepts is found to help in fostering peaceful feelings, equanimity, and compassion, thus assisting social integrity. Relying on this fact, there is a great possibility of interconnecting Vipassana with the school curriculum. No review has been found on social well-being and spiritual health in a collaborative form which could be a future recommendation.

Observational Studies on Personal Hygiene and Sanitation Practices of Elderly Buddhists in Kathmandu Valley

Bishnu G.C. — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The study Entitled “Observational studies on personal hygiene and sanitation practices of elderly Buddhists" was conducted in Kathmandu Valley. The main objective of this study was to analyze the personal hygiene and sanitation practices of elderly Buddhists. The study was based on descriptive design with qualitative and quantitative nature. Convenient sampling method was applied to collect the data and altogether 640 elderly Buddhists including of 320 male and 320 female were selected as a sample for study. Similarly, observation checklist with direct observation method was used for data collection. The three dimensions for hygiene and sanitation condition measurement such as satisfactory, good and poor were used. Out of total respondent, the most of the respondents (40.16%) were in age Group 60-64 years. The highest sex ratio (141.17) was found in 75-79 years age group and the lowest sex ratio (80.00) was found in 80 years and above age group. The mean age of male elders was 68 years and 67.36 years for female. Around 48% of elderly Buddhist had moderate condition of personal hygiene practices, nearly 40% respondents had satisfactory and around 12% elders had poor hygiene practices. Similarly, 39% elders had satisfactory sanitation practices, 42% respondents had moderate and 19% respondents had poor sanitation practices. As conclusion, most of the elders were practicing with moderate hygiene practices. The moderate condition negatively affects the health condition of Buddhists elders. Most of the elders were practicing with satisfactory sanitation practices the also affects the wellbeing of the Buddhists elders in Kathmandu Valley.

Perception of Globalization on the Learning Strategies among Higher Education Studies Students

Jhupa Kumari Budhathoki — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the changing contexts of the globalized world and their impact on the learning strategies in higher education classrooms. Globalization has influenced educational philosophy and classroom practices all over the world. The forces associated with globalization have altered the context in which educators operate, and intensely changed ones experience in both formal and informal education. The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of existing online education courses that utilize the internet as the primary instructional delivery method. The focus of this study was to find out students’ perceptions on the impact of online learning on MPhil level classes in TU Kirtipur. It highlights the challenges facing in use of ICT in higher education of in Nepal. Problems such as lack of resources (viz. qualified teachers, hardware, software, electricity and poor project implementation strategies militate against these efforts. This study recommends university authority should help to facilitate skilled manpower, stabilized electricity supply, hardware resources and software resources to enhance the use of ICT in higher education classrooms. It is argued that, to realize the policy in practice, more sustainable mechanisms need to be developed to provide ICT facilities for teachers and to train them how to use ICT in teaching activities. The study also includes some of the implications to connect on virtual classroom used in an online learning environment affected students’ active participation in learning activities.

Science Teachers’ Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices towards learning Science during Covid-19 Pandemic Outbreak

Indra Raj Upadhyaya, Paras Mani Ghimire — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The virtual mode of classes was accepted as the universal method across the globe during the pandemic. However, researchers found different challenges, barriers, and obstacles in virtual mode. It is crucial to understand how classroom practices are going during the pandemic, particularly for science, which is a practical and activity-based subject. Thus, this study aimed to discover what knowledge, beliefs, and practices science teachers had regarding science learning during the pandemic. In the study, 83 science teachers, were surveyed using a Google form with 12 items. The questionnaires covered curricular goals, teacher training, student regulations, modes of instruction, best strategies and approaches to teaching, the effectiveness of virtual classes, their obstacles, the evaluation of students, and suggestions for implementing virtual classes effectively. According to the results obtained, conclusions were drawn, and the study's implications were discussed.

Teacher wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal: Comparing the results across the institutions

Peshal Khanal, Sushan Acharya, Prem Phyak — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the economic and socio-psychological comforts of teachers in varying degrees. Depending on their job status and the types of institutions, teachers have lost their jobs and faced livelihood challenges. This paper reports the findings of an online survey and focus group discussions exploring various dimensions of teacher wellbeing from both schools and universities in Nepal. The study shows that the wellbeing, particularly economic wellbeing, of teachers from private schools and affiliated colleges is shaken most as their job security is critically affected by the pandemic. Along with the job insecurity and discontinuity of monthly salaries, their stress has elevated due to an added workload for online teaching. In comparison, teachers from community schools and constituent colleges are in a comfortable position; they are regularly paid, and their job is secure despite the school closure in the pandemic. This study raises a critical question about the privatization of schooling to ensure teachers’ wellbeing during a crisis. Based on the findings from this study, we argue that the government and schools should develop the systems to prepare teachers to use ICT tools and other alternative approaches to address learning needs of students during and after crises. More importantly, we suggest that the government should develop policies to create teacher wellbeing funds to support teachers in the crisis.

Transforming nutritional behaviors of basic school children through school-based participatory nutrition education program: A study protocol

Yadu Ram Upreti, Bhimsen Devkota — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Dietary habits build on in the formative years persist across the lifespan; therefore, developing healthy nutritional behaviors is crucial among school-going children. The school education can be a powerful influence in modifying the nutritional behaviors of children. Available evidence indicates that school-based nutrition education may promote improved dietary behaviours of school children if it is integrated with motivation, action, and a supportive environment. This study aims to design, implement and evaluate a school-based participatory nutrition education program (SBPNEP) to transform the nutritional behavior of students through participatory action research (PAR). This study uses a transformative mixed-method design as part of the PAR methodology. Five co-educational community schools are selected from Chitwan district of Nepal following the inclusion criteria of NORHED Rupantran Project under Tribhuvan University. Among the five schools, one is selected as the ‘action school’ where intervention sessions will be implemented. The remaining four schools serve as the ‘reference schools’ where effective intervention components of the action school will be replicated. Basic school students, their parents, basic school science and health education teachers, and school leaders are the co-researchers of this study. Both quantitative tools and qualitative methods will be used to generate the data. Quantitative data will be analyzed using inferential statistics (bivariate and multivariate), whilst the interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) method will be used for meaning making process of the qualitative data. Three components of the intervention also said to be PAR cycles: sensitization and motivation’, ‘nutrition pedagogy’ and ‘creating a supportive environment for sustainability’ will be implemented following an iterative process of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting of the PAR cycle. The effectiveness of the intervention activities will be evaluated under three phases: short-term, mid-term, and long-term.

Welcome the Unwelcoming: Exploring Social Justice in School Pedagogies

Devi Prasad Bhattarai — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This article emphasizes looking for social justice in school pedagogies and practices to welcome students coming from other than the mainstream cultural background. The article utilizes the qualitative research design under which the narrative interview was carried outwith a single student coming from an ethnic minority background in one of the rural schools situated in the Kathmandu district. The goal was to explore their experiences about the mainstream school’s practices in which Nepali language as a medium of instruction, uniformed pedagogy, and centralized curriculum are the dominant approach. To understand the experiences of children with diverse socio-cultural backgrounds, the article employs the multicultural perspective as a lens.The article argues that most of the classroom management, teachers’ teaching skills and manners, school culture, and subject matters in the curricula and text are the most unwelcoming aspects to welcome children coming from different socio-cultural, linguistic, and ethnic backgrounds. The article explores many unexplored areas that concern the several gaps between entire schooling processes and ethnic/indigenous students’ socio-cultural backups. School culture, pedagogy, and classroom management have not well fostered thewillingness to nurture and support cultural competence, interconnectedness, inter-reciprocity, and mutual understanding to welcome the unwelcoming in school. The article, therefore, warrants an immediate initiation to bringing an entire improvement in school culture in a way that addresses every need and expectation of linguistically, culturally, ethnically, economically, geographically, and religiously diverse children.