Livelihood Activities and Socio-Economic Status of Tharu Women in Barbardiya Municipality, Nepal

Abstract

This study examines the livelihood activities, household roles, economic contributions, and challenges faced by Tharu women in Jodhipur village of Barbardiya Municipality, Bardiya District, Nepal. The research aims to understand the socio-economic status of Tharu women, their participation in household decision-making, and the constraints affecting their livelihood opportunities. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative household surveys with qualitative interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations. The study selected 70 Tharu women through purposive sampling for the household survey, supported by key informant interviews and focus group discussions with community stakeholders.

The findings indicate that Tharu women play a significant role in both household and economic activities, particularly in agriculture, livestock management, wage labor, and household responsibilities. Despite substantial contributions, their participation in formal decision-making remains moderate due to socio-cultural norms, limited access to education, and economic constraints. Challenges such as low income, restricted mobility, lack of opportunities, and limited access to financial resources continue to affect their livelihood advancement. The study highlights the need for targeted capacity-building programs, improved access to education and skills training, and inclusive development interventions to enhance the socio-economic empowerment of Tharu women.