Exploring Perceptions of In-migration in Mahalaxmi Municipality of Lalitpur District

Abstract

In Nepal, internal migration from rural to urban areas, particularly towards the Kathmandu Valley, reflects longstanding trends influenced by economic opportunities, educational aspirations, and familial ties. This paper focuses on Mahalaxmi Municipality, Lalitpur District, a burgeoning destination within the Kathmandu Valley, to explore the drivers and impacts of migration. Using primary data from 306 households, the study examines demographic profiles, migration motivations, and perceptions among migrants in Ward No. 7 of Mahalaxmi Municipality. Findings reveal that the municipality primarily attracts migrants due to employment opportunities (31%), followed by business ventures (27.8%), educational pursuits (13.7%), and marriage (13.4%). Migration is also driven by factors such as conflict (3.3%), natural disasters (2.6%), and various 'other' reasons (8.2%). The major consequences of migration are reflected in numerous sectors. These effects are observed in various dimensions, including economic conditions, demographic structure, and environmental conditions. Additionally, migration has led to rapid urbanization. Other consequences include cultural exchange, family reunification and segregation, changes in lifestyle, and shifts in happiness and tensions. Policy recommendations include enhancing rural development to curb migration pressures, developing sustainable urban plans to accommodate growing populations, and leveraging migration as a catalyst for broader socio-economic development. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for formulating inclusive policies that support both migrant integration and regional development in Nepal.