Trailblazers of Modern Therāvāda Buddhism in Nepal: A 20th Century Perspective

Abstract

The resurgence of Therāvāda Buddhism in Nepal during the 20th century, following a period of marginalization under the Hindu monarchy, was largely driven by a few pioneering monks, lay practitioners, and scholars. These trailblazers played a critical role in reviving Buddhist practices and philosophies in Nepal, which had once been at the core of the country’s spiritual and cultural identity. This article explores the contributions of key figures whose efforts were instrumental in the establishment of Therāvāda Buddhism as a major religious force in modern Nepal. By focusing on their life stories, their academic and social contributions, and the contexts in which they worked, this study highlights their influence on the revitalization of Therāvāda Buddhism, the transformation of Nepali society, and the development of Buddhist institutions. These figures not only revived meditation practices such as Vipassanā but also emphasized the relevance of Buddhist ethics in addressing social issues, particularly caste discrimination and gender inequality. Their work laid the foundation for Buddhist education in Nepal, with the creation of meditation centers, educational institutions, and social justice initiatives. This article underscores the enduring impact of these trailblazers on the spiritual, social, and cultural fabric of Nepal, offering a nuanced perspective on the role of Therāvāda Buddhism in shaping the modern Nepali identity.