Influence of Buddhism in the Constitution of Nepal, 2015

Abstract

This article explores the influence of Buddhism on the Constitution of Nepal. It examines how Buddhist philosophy, with its core emphasis on equality, non-violence, moral rectitude, self-examination, kindness and the ‘Right View’ has shaped the legal and political framework of Nepal’s Constitution 2015. The constitution-writing process undertaken by the Constituent Assembly incorporated key Buddhist ideas, which significantly influenced the formation of Nepal’s post-2015 secular democratic republic. The document adopts several core elements such as fundamental rights, governance structures, and Buddhist-oriented welfare policies. These show clear parallels with the Indian Constitution drafted by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, which was similarly shaped by Buddhist-influenced constitutional thought. Buddhist ethics closely align with the constitution’s social justice-oriented clauses. These clauses promote secularism and non-discriminatory principles rooted in respect for human dignity under international law. Nepal’s Constitution embodies an indigenous legal philosophy grounded in Buddhism’s principles of selfless concern and self-reliance. This deep integration makes it difficult to separate the constitution from foreign legal traditions that appear to have been adopted from externally constructed templates. Historical expressions of Buddhist influence find clear contemporary counterparts throughout the constitution. Ultimately, the constitution reflects an autonomous Buddhist jurisprudence that addresses the perceived lack of sovereign legitimacy in conventional rule of law.