Understanding Tangent Plane and Normal Line using 3D Visualization

Abstract

This designed based, Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge grounded qualitative research work explores how 3D visualizations support students' conceptual understanding in mathematics. Involving a sample of 13 university students during 2024 cohort while learning a course “Differential Geometry”, this study used observation checklist and classroom interactions notes as research tools. After analysis of collected data, the results showed that dynamic visualizations played a significant role in “formalized cognitive schema” as mental image, “improved conceptual understanding”, and “directed students’ attention and motivation toward dynamic media” effectively. So, this study established a connection between students’ learning outcomes and their learning engagement through dynamic 3D visual simulations while learning tangent plane and normal.