Yudhana, A. et al. 2026. Image-Based Glucose Concentration Detection in Liquids Using Refractometer and Grayscale-RGB Processing. OCEM Journal of Management, Technology & Social Sciences. 5, 1 (Jan. 2026), 165–178. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3126/ocemjmtss.v5i1.89698.