Researcher CAB: A Journal for Research and Development

Editorial Vol.2(1)

Rashindra Prasad Yadav — 2023-08-15

No abstract available.

Financial Factors Affecting on Foreign Direct Investment Flows into Nepal

Bashu Dev Dhungel — 2023-08-15

Foreign direct investment in Nepal has played a vital role in bridging the gap between demand for capital and supply of capital in the country as it has been facing scarcity of capital supply. The main objective of this study is to examine the role of financial variables on foreign direct investment flows into Nepal. Regression analysis and elasticity coefficient are used to examine the role of financial sector in foreign direct investment flows. The result shows that the coefficient of broad money supply (0.81), NEPSE index (-0.71) and total transaction in financial market (0.38) are the significant variables affecting foreign capital flows into Nepal. However, NEPSE index negatively affects foreign capital flows into Nepal. Since the Government of Nepal has undertaken various measures to raise FDI flows into the country, the government should carefully develop the financial sector as it is one of the prominent factors affecting the foreign capital flows.

Financial Literacy, Saving Behaviour and Entrepreneurial Intention: The Moderating Effect of Family Financial Socialization

Purna Man Shrestha — 2023-08-15

Today entrepreneurial intention is considered one of the most eminent drivers for the overall escalation of the nation's economic growth. This study examines the relationship between financial literacy, saving behaviour, family financial socialization and entrepreneurial intention among individuals. Further, this paper also investigates how family financial socialization moderate the relationship between these factors and entrepreneurial intention. The study followed the positivist research philosophy. The deductive approach, quantitative research method, and explanatory research design have been applied. Data were collected from 415 university-level business students of Karnali Province using a purposive sampling technique. The hypotheses were tested through the structural equation modelling technique. The study found the significant positive relationship between financial literacy, saving behaviour and family financial socialization with entrepreneurial intentions. Family financial socialization moderates the relationship between financial literacy, saving behaviour and entrepreneurial intention. The findings of this study can be implemented by policymakers, educators, and other stakeholders to promote financial literacy and saving behaviour to develop effective strategies for enhancing entrepreneurial intention among individuals.

Origin and Development of Caste System in Ancient Indian Aryan Society

Dol Raj Kafle — 2023-08-15

This study explores the origin and development of the caste system in ancient Aryan society in India. The caste system is a social construct that has shaped the social, economic, and political landscape of communities for centuries. The study uses a qualitative research design, with the framework based on the principle of the Varna System, meaning the division of labor according to social class. The caste system was established based on occupation and social class, dividing people into four groups: priests, rulers, producers or traders, and manual workers or servants. The caste system has endured throughout history, deeply rooted in cultural and traditional practices. The term 'caste' used to describe social hierarchy in Western countries has its roots in the Spanish and Portuguese as well as the Latin word 'casta' which only came into use in the 15th century. In India, the word 'caste' was originally used to refer to a social division system designed to preserve the purity of bloodlines within a group. Over time, the term expanded to include people with close social or blood ties as well as groups with economic privileges and rights, and it became associated with hereditary equality, independent traditional organizations, and customs. The study's objective is to explain the origins and evolution of the caste system in ancient Indian society.

Corporate Social Responsibility: The New Engine of Entrepreneurship Development

Bhupal Bikram Kathayat — 2023-08-15

As modern societies evolve, entrepreneurial sustainability becomes increasingly relevant and applicable across developed and developing countries worldwide. The issue of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in business has grown significantly, and it has been identified as a strategic weapon for entrepreneurship growth today. Thus, the present study attempted to examine CSR's influence on entrepreneurship development. Carroll's four social responsibilities in this study can be considered as CSR: economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic. The study followed a positivist research paradigm, deductive reasoning, a causal-comparative research method, and convenience sampling techniques for its procedural operations. The study's target population was the total number of registered small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Dailekh District. The study incorporated 465 business owners as the sample size. The structured survey questionnaire was used to collect the primary data. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics like percentages, frequency, and structural equation modeling. In order to analyze the data, SPSS 20 and AMOS 23 were used. The results of the study demonstrated that there is a significant positive impact of CSR on entrepreneurship development. Therefore, the concerned stakeholders should consider preserving CSR in their businesses. In addition, the study's results will be a source of information for stakeholders like entrepreneurs, customers, researchers, and academicians.

Role of the Personal Promotional Factors Determining Agri-entrepreneurship Performance in Surkhet District

Hasta Bahadur Pulami — 2023-08-15

This study focuses on the role of personal promotional factors determining agri-entrepreneurship performance, with a sample size of 405 respondents from infinite small and medium agri-entrepreneurship of Surkhet district. The data were collected using structured questionnaire containing multiple choice questions and Likert scale questions. The survey was conducted in Kartik 2079 on active agri-entrepreneurs. The factors determining agri-entrepreneurship performance were grouped into three main variables, i.e., self-efficacy (SE), creativity and innovation level (CI), and risk preference level (RP). Modeling of multiple regression analysis was used in inferential statistics. The result showed that agri-entrepreneurs’ self-efficacy level, creativity and innovation level, and risk preference level have a significant impact on the agri-entrepreneurship performance. Based on univariate analysis self-efficacy has the most significant effect on agri-entrepreneurship performance followed by creativity and innovation skill; and risk preference level. Although variables are jointly regressed in bivariate regression, coefficients are decreased. This study concluded that agri-entrepreneurship performance of agri-entrepreneurs of Surkhet district is more determined by self-efficacy level. Agri-entrepreneurs in the field of agriculture could consider this factor to have better choices while entering or continuing with their agri-entrepreneurships.

Political and Economic Relation in The SAARC Countries

Ishwori Prasad Kandel — 2023-08-15

The level of cooperation among the member countries of SAARC has increased after its formation in 1985. SAARC was founded with the objective to improve living standards of the people, contribute to political, cultural and regional economic growth and to increase cooperation with another region of the world. Realizing the importance of regional cooperation and development, SAARC members have cooperated to establish and initiate various programs and forums for mutual benefit. Agreement on Judicial cooperation on Counter-Terrorism, establishment of Development Funds, Telemedicine Network, SAARC Writers and Literature Foundation, South Asia Women’s Centre and South Asia Olympic Council. Other major achievements include adoption of Social Charter in 2004, establishment of SAARC Arbitration Council in Islamabad in 2005, and establishment of SAARC Energy Center in Islamabad (2006), South Asian Regional Standards Organization (SARSO) was established in Dhaka (2014), SAARC Disaster Management Center was established in Gujarat in Nov 2016. Area of cooperation has been extended from five to eight. The economic ties and integration have not been very strong in SAARC countries.

Practice of Caste Hierarchy among the Muslims of Miya Patan of Pokhara

Niranjan Ojha — 2023-08-15

In a country like Nepal, where Hindus make up the majority of the population, the study of religious minorities reflects its importance. A distinctive form of stratification is caste. Hindu concepts and arguments can be used to understand and explain this occurrence, which is solely a Hindu phenomenon. Caste is widespread outside of the Indian Subcontinent, in the Arab world, Polynesia, North and East Africa, Japan, and North America. The Muslim community follows a system of hierarchy and upholds caste purity just like the Hindu community. Similar to Brahminism in Hindu society, Saiyedism in Muslim society (the Arab domination) is a major contributor to caste prejudice in the Muslim community. Based on qualitative study, this article describes the critical actions that must be taken at each level of the caste hierarchy. With the use of an observational technique, in-depth interviews, and library research, the subject is being generalized. For the objective of knowing more, Muslim scholars and elder people who had witnessed the practice were chosen as the respondents. Because they requested anonymity, the respondents are referred to as Res.1, Res.2, Res.3, and so forth. The focus of this investigation is Miya Patan’s Muslim’s caste hierarchy. This article is limited to historical study among the Muslims of Miya Patan of Pokhara. It is not concerned with other aspects of the study area. It makes an effort to address the problem of caste hierarchy among Muslims in Nepal.

Role of NGOs in Rural Development in Nepalese Context

Umesh Prasad Acharya — 2023-08-15

This research aims to revive dormant NGOs for rural and community development, emphasizing their limited and passive engagement in a specific region, which hinders meeting community needs. It highlights the significance of program selection based on local needs, prioritizing it over donor accessibility as well as that of human resource development within and outside NGOs. Furthermore, the research addresses the issue of the exclusion of marginalized groups due to the dominance of local elites, advocating for empowerment and capacity building. Despite limitations, NGOs are acknowledged as catalysts for transformative change, offering practical insights for revitalizing NGOs and promoting inclusive grassroots development.

Shifting Cultivation Practices in Rai Community of Eastern Nepal

Khila Nath Sapkota — 2023-08-15

Shifting cultivation is a form of land use pattern with a rotation of cultivation followed in the same unit of land. Thousands of indigenous people, with majority households in subsistence living, are dependent on shifting cultivation practices due to the lack of alternate source of income generation. Shifting cultivation in Nepal, locally called as Khoriya or Bhasme, is a land use practice in which indigenous communities clear and cultivate secondary forests in plots of different sizes, leave these plots to regenerate naturally through fallows for medium to long duration. This practice is in transition these days due to rising population of shifting cultivators, and demand for more food. The study demonstrates the relationship among land use practices, people’s livelihood and health issues of Rai community who are involved in shifting cultivation practices in Balakhu Village of Okhaldhunga.

Causes of Ambivalence in Nepal and America Relations

Mahendra Gautam — 2023-08-15

The United States of America and Nepal have worked together in many different fields after establishing bilateral diplomatic relations in 1947. The USA has been contributing to development sectors like infrastructure development. Still, there is a growing ambivalence among Nepali Youths, especially on the nature of their bilateral relationship. However, Nepal’s political parties have different perspectives on how America is engaged in Nepal. In 2022 Nepal ratified Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) from the parliament under fierce criticism and strong protests from some political parties, their sister wings, and even Civil Society Groups. Their protests were primarily concerned with the feeling that both countries have no equal status in the bilateral relationship. There are a few questions on the nature of American presence in Nepal. Nepal is a geopolitically significant land between two emerging nations of the world; India and China. There is a history of American interference in different countries of the world that has become a source of ambivalence in Nepal. Left wings politicians are very doubtful of the role of the USA in Nepal, especially how it showed desperation in turmoil to ratify the MCC project. This context has fuelled mistrust against the USA in Nepal. Though the majority of the youths of Nepal dream of going to America at any cost, they are still protesting against the American presence in the country. The attraction of Nepali youths to Diversity Visa applications and strong street protests against MCC are full of juxtapositions. Why this duality exists in the mind of Nepali youths? This article aims to study the causes of ambivalence in the relationship between the nations.