Effects of Changing Family Structure in Traditional Newari Dwellings: A Case of Nala

Abstract

Nala, a traditional Newari settlement located in Kavre District near Bhaktapur, historically known as “Desha” during the Malla period, is renowned for its rich cultural heritage and craftsmanship. However, the settlement is undergoing rapid transformation due to various socio-cultural changes, one of which is the shift in family structure from joint to nuclear families. This paper examines the impacts of changing family structures on the traditional architectural character of Newari dwellings, with particular focus on the front façade. The research adopts a qualitative approach, employing case studies, interviews, focus group discussions, and ethnography as the primary research methods. Qualitative data were further quantified using tools such as MS Excel, and AutoCAD was used for drawing generation and spatial analysis. The study area was concentrated along the procession route of the Mahalaxmi Jatra of Nala, considered the oldest settlement zone. The route comprises 71 houses, of which 40 have undergone vertical division. The findings indicate that the transition from joint to nuclear family structures has led to the equal division of parental property among offspring, resulting in the vertical subdivision of existing houses. Consequently, the frontage of traditional Newari houses is diminishing, and many dwellings are either being left vacant, demolished, or reconstructed using contemporary architectural approaches.