The significance of hypoxia as a molecular and cellular event in patients with toxic and non-toxic goitre: A statistical inference based on cross-sectional analytic of Iraqi patients

Authors

  • Mohammed Assi 1. Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Iraq. 2. Member of the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health, United Kingdom. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9852-8799
  • Samia Elewi Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Iraq.
  • Ahmed Al-Imam 1. Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq. 2. Department of Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. 3. The Canadian Association for Neuroscience. 4. The Japanese Association of Anatomists. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1846-9424
  • Basem Ahmed Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v9i5.20597

Keywords:

Epidemiology, Public health, Evidence-based medicine, Statistical inference, thyroid gland, Goiter, Hypoxia-inducible factor, Immunohistochemistry, Cross-sectional studies, Case report, Middle east, Iraq

Abstract

Background: Disorders of the thyroid gland, including toxic and non-toxic goitre, are more common in adult female patients. Hypoxia-inducible factors, including HIF-1 and HIF-2, represent transcriptional activators that function as regulators of oxygen homeostasis. Rapid progress is being made in clarifying the homeostatic functions of HIFs in several physiological systems. However, there are much to be learned in connection with the thyroid gland and its pathologies.

Aims and Objectives: To assess the biochemical and clinical significance of hypoxia-inducible factors in patients with multinodular goitre.

Materials and Methods: The study is observational and cross-sectional analytic conducted among a population of individuals with diffuse and nodular thyroid goitre including clinically toxic and non-toxic patients. It will attempt to answer the research question concerning the significance of HIFs, via applying techniques of immunohistochemistry to histological samples of resected thyroid tissue, and in pertinence with the demographic and clinical parameters of patients.

Results: The total number of patients was forty-three,and most was in their fifth decades of life. The percentile contribution of males and females was 11.63% and 88.37% respectively. Individuals with toxic goitres accounted for 13.95%, and those had significantly higher levels of both HIF-1 and HIF-2 than non-toxic patients (p=0.019, p=0.072). Clinically-toxic patients also had notably more elevated levels of HIF-1 as they grew older when compared to non-toxic patients.

Conclusion: There is an evident inadequacy of published literature on hypoxia-inducible factors in patients with goitre. There are no studies whatsoever in correspondence to the research questions explored in this study. Future attempts should explore experimental designs while using human as well as animal models and from an interdisciplinary perspective.

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(5) 2018 44-49

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Author Biographies

Mohammed Assi, 1. Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Iraq. 2. Member of the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health, United Kingdom.

1.Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Iraq.2.Member of the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health, United Kingdom. 

1.       Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Iraq.

2.       Member of the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health, United Kingdom.

Samia Elewi, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Iraq.

Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Iraq.

Ahmed Al-Imam, 1. Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq. 2. Department of Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. 3. The Canadian Association for Neuroscience. 4. The Japanese Association of Anatomists.

1. Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
2. Department of Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
3. The Canadian Association for Neuroscience.
4. The Japanese Association of Anatomists.

Basem Ahmed, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Iraq.

Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Iraq.

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Published

2018-08-31

How to Cite

Assi, M., Elewi, S., Al-Imam, A., & Ahmed, B. (2018). The significance of hypoxia as a molecular and cellular event in patients with toxic and non-toxic goitre: A statistical inference based on cross-sectional analytic of Iraqi patients. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 9(5), 44–49. https://doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v9i5.20597

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 5 (2018)

Section

Original Articles

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