Lightning activity over Nepal and its association with meteorological parameters

Abstract

This study delves into Nepal’s climatology, focusing on the correlation between lightning occurrences and key parameters: temperature, Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), and Convective Available Potential Energy (Cape). By dividing Nepal into three regions-eastern (Region 1), middle (Region 2), and western (Region 3) to account for parameter variations, the research aims to uncover patterns in lightning behavior. The study reveals that lightning frequency is closely linked to specific meteorological conditions. Notably, during the pre-monsoon months of April, May, and June, lightning activity and average Cape values peak. Similarly, average temperature reaches its maximum in April, May, June, and July, while AOD exhibits its highest levels in the pre-monsoon period, with higher values in Region 1, moderate in Region 2, and lower in Region 3. These findings emphasize the role of thermodynamic factors in driving lightning occurrences. By shedding light on the interconnections between lightning and temperature, AOD, and Cape, the study contributes to a better understanding of Nepal’s climatic dynamics and lays the groundwork for informed disaster preparedness and policy decisions.