Spatial orientation of spin vectors of SDSS DR16 galaxies at 0.18<z<0.21 in u-magnitude dependence

Abstract

This paper presents a scientific study of the spatial orientation of spin vectors of 1233 SDSS DR16 (Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16) galaxies within the redshift range of 0.18 to 0.21 using the u-band data. This study analyzed a total of 1233 galaxy samples to provide new insights into the formation and evolution of galaxies and help interpret observational data. This study also applied the method proposed by Flin & Godlowski to understand the angular momentum alignment of galaxies, enabling the transformation of two-dimensional projected images into three-dimensional spin vector components: specifically, polar (θ) and azimuthal (ϕ) angles. Through the chi-square, auto-correlation, and Fourier analysis statistical tests, we concluded that the SDSS DR16 data of 1233 galaxies strongly support anisotropies in the polar angle distribution and point toward mild anisotropies in the azimuthal angle distribution, supporting the Pancake model of the galaxy evolution theory. These findings suggest the presence of large-scale or environmental influences on the spin vector orientations of the galaxy at the examined redshift limit.