Comparative efficacy and safety of Dual GIP/GLP1 agonists versus GLP1 receptor agonists for weight loss: A Scoping Review

Abstract

BACKGROUND The management of obesity is complex and has evolved considerably in recent years owing to the addition of incretin homologues like semaglutide, liraglutide and tirzepatide. Despite studies suggesting their potential use for weight loss, there is a dearth of accessible knowledge regarding their comparative benefits and effectiveness, limiting their use in the management of obesity.

OBJECTIVE The present study aims to provide a scoping review of available literature on the effectiveness, adverse events, cost efficiency and future prospects of glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1) receptor agonists and dual GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) agonists in promoting weight loss among obese individuals.

METHODS This review was conducted according to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A thorough database search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar to identify relevant articles assessing the use of dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists versus GLP-1 agonists in obese patients.

RESULTS Dual agonists were found to be more effective, producing a greater decrease in body weight and improving the metabolic profile and general health of patients. GLP-1 agonists were more frequently associated with gastrointestinal side effects, while the dual agonists reported greater psychiatric adverse effects, including depression and self-harm. Poor adherence and discontinuation of therapy were problems faced during treatment with both groups, owing to their high cost and supply shortage.

CONCLUSION Current research provides sufficient evidence suggesting superior efficacy of dual agonists for weight loss, although future studies focusing on alternative dosing schedules and cost-friendly options for incretin mimetics are needed.