Anatomic Variations of Sphenoid Sinus Pneumatization: Computed Tomography-Based Study

Abstract

Introduction: Sphenoid sinuses are not devoid of variations. Size, shape, the number of septa, and extent of their pneumatization are diverse and may complicate surgical procedures like microsurgical transsphenoidal surgery. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the morphometric characteristics of the SS is indispensable to optimize successful surgery and minimize complications related to adjoining neurovascular structures. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the morphological characteristics of the sphenoid sinus (SS) in the Nepalese population visiting the tertiary center.

Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional chart review conducted at Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences for a period of 3 months. Computed tomography (CT)-based assessment of the sellar turcica was done. Sphenoid sinus pneumatization and septation and the presence of Onodi cells are assessed and recorded.

Results: Out of 385 cases, 199 were male (51.7%), while females were 186 (48.3%) with a male-to-female ratio of 1.06:1. The minimum age of patients was 20, while the maximum age was 87, with a mean age of 44.5 ± 18.5. Common pneumatization was post-sellar type (63.3%). Septation was present among 381 patients (98.9%), while multiple septations were present among 166 patients (43.1%). Onodi cells were infrequent (9.4%).

Conclusion: Post-seller type of sphenoid sinus pneumatization and multiple septations were a common entity, while presence Onodi cells are rare in our study.