Early Experience of Transarterial Therapy in Ruptured Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Authors

  • Ajit Thapa Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • Sanjay Saran Baijal Medanta the Medicity, Gurgaon, India
  • Abhay Kumar Kapoor Medanta the Medicity, Gurgaon, India
  • Sujata Niroula Medanta the Medicity, Gurgaon, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3126/njr.v13i2.59966

Keywords:

Child, Hemoperitoneum, Liver Neoplasms, Medical Records, Radiology Information Systems

Abstract

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Ruptured HCC carries a high mortality if untreated. Peripherally located HCC has a higher risk of rupture. However, most of the ruptured HCCs on presentation are in an advanced stage and, hence are unresectable. Henceforth treatment options available are conservative and transcatheter embolization.

Methods: Retrospectively, 8 patients with ruptured HCC who underwent trans arterial embolization were studied for hemostasis and 30-day mortality. Clinical history and laboratory data were obtained from the medical records of the patients, and radiological images were extracted from picture archiving and communication systems and studied.

Results: The age ranged between 31 to 78 years and 7 were male. In patients presenting with sudden onset pain abdomen, ruptured HCC was suspected if there was a hemoperitoneum with or without extravasation of contrast adjacent to peripherally located HCC on CT angiography. Angiography revealed tumour blush with sentinel vessels in all. Two showed active contrast extravasation. Seven patients with relatively preserved liver function (Child A and B) attained both radiological and clinical hemostasis. One patient with Child C status died due to MODS on day 3 of embolisation. Three patients survived more than a year with additional liver-directed therapies. Two patients were lost to follow-up after discharge and two after six months.

Conclusions: Transarterial embolization for ruptured HCC is an effective method of hemostasis and helps in achieving better survival by the additional benefit of tumor control and poor functional status of the liver predicts lower survival.

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Author Biographies

Ajit Thapa, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

Consultant Interventional Radiologist, Department of Radiology and Imaging

Sanjay Saran Baijal, Medanta the Medicity, Gurgaon, India

Director, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine

Abhay Kumar Kapoor, Medanta the Medicity, Gurgaon, India

Associate Consultant, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine

Sujata Niroula, Medanta the Medicity, Gurgaon, India

Fellow, Department of Anaesthesia

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Published

2023-11-24

How to Cite

Thapa, A., Baijal, S. S., Kapoor, A. K., & Niroula, S. (2023). Early Experience of Transarterial Therapy in Ruptured Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Nepalese Journal of Radiology, 13(2), 15–20. https://doi.org/10.3126/njr.v13i2.59966

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Section

Original Articles