Status, Threats and Conservation of Chiuri (Diploknema butyracea) in Kalika Municipality, Chitwan

Abstract

Diploknema butyracea (Chiuri) is a multipurpose tree species with significant ecological, cultural, and economic importance for indigenous communities of Nepal, particularly the Chepang. This study assessed the population status, regeneration pattern, ethnobotanical importance, threats, and conservation needs of Chiuri in Kalika Municipality, Chitwan. Data were collected from 36 circular plots (500 m²) across an elevation range of 300-1100 m and through purposively selected 31 household surveys. The results showed a high density of seedlings (6389 ha⁻¹) but very low sapling density (144 ha⁻¹), indicating poor regeneration and low survival from seedling to sapling stages. . Ethnobotanical analysis recorded 214 use reports across nine categories, with seeds having the highest use value (UV = 4.967) and citation frequency (96.77%). However, declining traditional knowledge, market substitution, invasive species, and habitat disturbance threaten its sustainability. Promoting community awareness, improved processing technologies, and market access is essential for conservation and sustainable utilization of Chiuri.