A cross-sectional observational study on pattern of road traffic injuries presenting to Emergency Department in a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

Abstract

Introduction: Road traffic injuries(RTIs) is leading global public health issue, causing approximately 1.2 million deaths and 50 million injuries annually. The burden is high among individuals aged 15–44 years. Regions such as Africa and Southeast Asia report the highest mortality rates. Nepal is facing a rising trend with predominance of young males, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted preventive measures. This study aims to identify patterns of road traffic injuries in our setting, knowledge that can be used for future emergency preparedness.

Method: Cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Emergency Medicine Department, from August 2021 to July 2022.  Total of 316 patients who met inclusion criteria were selected. A proforma was created to capture demographic profile, vehicles involved, distribution of victims, mechanism of injury, time of accident, severity, and outcomes. Data was obtained and analyzed.

Result: Among 316 patients, 219 (69.30%) were male and 97 (30.70%) were female. 156 (49.37%) accidents occurred on weekends, and 160 (50.63%) occurred on other days. Weekday accidents occurred more from 6 am to 6 pm, whereas on weekends, from 6 pm to 6 am. Laceration was the most common injury, followed by fracture. Collision was the most common mechanism, followed by falling off. Most of the victims were drivers, followed by pedestrians.

Conclusion: RTIs predominantly affect young male drivers, particularly those operating two-wheelers. Laceration was the most common injury type, and personal factors like overspeeding, not using protective helmets, and alcohol consumption while driving were the leading contributors.