Diabetes screening and distribution of blood glucose levels in rural far western Darchula District Hospital, Nepal

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is an emerging public health problem in developing countries like Nepal, where many patients are diagnosed only at a late stage. Rural populations face heightened burdens due to limited screening, low awareness, and poor healthcare access. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among people attending medical services at Darchula District Hospital, a rural hospital in far western Nepal.
Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 94 adults (≥18 years) attending outpatient services at Darchula District Hospital using non-probability convenience sampling. Random blood glucose (RBS) was measured using a calibrated glucometer. Demographic and behavioral data (alcohol consumption, smoking) were collected through brief structured interviews. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test for associations.
Result: Among 94 participants (52.1% male, 47.9% female; mean age 52.6 years), the prevalence of RBS ≥200 mg/dL (suggestive of diabetes) was 7.45% (95% CI: 2.4–12.5%). Prediabetes (RBS 140–199 mg/dL) was observed in 19.1% of participants. Smoking was present with elevated RBS, with 13.0% of smokers affected versus none of non-smokers.
Conclusion: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural setting is notable and comparable to national estimates. Smoking emerged as a significant modifiable risk factor. Early detection through community screening programs, coupled with tobacco cessation interventions, can facilitate timely treatment and help prevent complications.