Apiculture: National Scenario and Policy Provision

Abstract

Apiculture is an important agricultural sub-sector in Nepal, which contributes to rural livelihoods, pollination services, biodiversity conservation, and ecosystem stability. Despite Nepal's favorable ago-ecological diversity and high potential for honey production, this sub-sector faces persistent challenges related to production efficiency, market access, quality assurance, and regulatory issues. The objective of the study was to diagnose the national trend of beekeeping, honey production and policy provision. The study included mixed methods: primary information collection by the apiculture evaluation team and secondary data from national agricultural statistics, custom records, and institutional reports. The findings indicate that in the fiscal year (2024/25) the number of domesticated bee hives and production of honey was recorded 276,183 hives; 4278.72 mt honey production, with the productivity of Apis mellifera 28.5 kg/hive/annum, Apis cerana 6.0 kg (woodlog) and 9 kg which fulfilled about 75% Of domestic consumption, and remaining being fulfilled through imports, primarily from India. The average cost of A. mellifera honey production is estimated at NRs 391.81/kg. Owing to Nepal's diverse geography, climate, and floral resources, the country is well positioned for commercial beekeeping and high-quality honey production. This study suggests a comprehensive policy and institutional reforms: strengthening laboratory facilities, research investment, national/international coordination, and promotion of domestic honey consumption emphasizing import regulation, and quality standard in harmony with international norms.