A Review on Vaginal Prolapse in Dog Breeds

Abstract

Vaginal prolapse in dogs is a clinically significant reproductive disorder characterized by protrusion of vaginal tissue through the vulvar labia, predominantly occurring during estrus or parturition. This literature review synthesizes current knowledge regarding the etiopathogenesis, breed predispositions, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches and treatment modalities of canine vaginal prolapse. Evidence from peer reviewed literature indicates that brachycephalic and large or giant breed dogs demonstrate significantly higher prevalence rates with estrogen-driven edema during proestrus and estrus serving as the primary pathophysiological mechanism. Conservative and surgical management options are reviewed along with prognostic considerations and preventive strategies.