Assessment of Quality Construction Practices: A Case Study from Balaju Industrial Zone, Kathmandu, Nepal

Abstract

Construction quality is a key factor affecting the safety, durability, and performance of industrial infrastructure. Industrial zones require higher construction standards due to heavy loads, continuous operations, and intensive use of facilities. This study assesses the quality of construction practices in the Balaju Industrial Zone (BIZ), Kathmandu, Nepal, over the last five years (2072–2082 BS). The study focuses on supervision, material handling, workmanship, quality control practices, and compliance with construction standards. A mixed-method research approach was adopted. Primary data were collected through questionnaires, in-depth interviews (IDI), and focus group discussions (FGD) with engineers, contractors, supervisors, and other stakeholders. Secondary data were obtained from project documents, standards, and relevant literature. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Relative Importance Index (RII) to identify major problems, effects, and mitigation measures related to construction quality. A total of 106 respondents participated, drawn from 146 registered industries in BIZ using proportionate stratified sampling (Israel, 1992). The findings reveal that inadequate supervision, weak quality control procedures, improper material handling, and limited compliance with standards are the major challenges affecting construction quality in the Balaju Industrial Zone. These issues lead to structural defects, frequent maintenance requirements, increased costs, and potential safety risks. The study concludes that improved supervision, systematic material testing, effective quality management systems, and stronger coordination among stakeholders are necessary to enhance construction quality. The recommendations of this study aim to support safer, more durable, and sustainable industrial infrastructure development in Nepal.