A brief overview of homologous recombination deficiency testing in cancers for the ‘Next-Generation’ Pathologist

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DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v10i2.29862

Keywords:

Cancer genomics; Genomic scar assay; Homologous recombination deficiency; Homologous recombination repair genes; HRD status of tumors; Mutational signatures; PARPi responsive

Abstract

Genomic instability is one of the hallmarks of cancer, having a crucial role in cancer pathogenesis as well as tumor proliferation. This essential feature is secondary to dysregulation of DNA damage repair pathways. Homologous repair represents the most reliable double-strand break repair mechanism. Homologous recombination deficiency is responsible for generating and perpetuating DNA damage in cancer, posing an opportunity for targeting treatment with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors through ‘synthetic lethality’, as well as platinum-based agents. Comprehensive genomic analysis has made it possible to discover molecular biomarkers that assist in the identification of Homologous recombination deficient tumors, allowing for the expansion of such treatment strategies to various other malignancies. Leveraging the improvement of genomic analysis methods to be more efficient in identifying Homologous recombination deficiency is crucial in the advancement of cancer care. The current review highlights the current strategies for Homologous recombination deficiency detection, clinical implications, limitations, and applicability.

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Author Biographies

Poornima Vijayan, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Department of Molecular Genetics

Luisa Bonilla, University Health Network, Ontario, Canada

Department of Medical Oncology

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Published

2020-09-30

How to Cite

Vijayan, P., & Bonilla, L. (2020). A brief overview of homologous recombination deficiency testing in cancers for the ‘Next-Generation’ Pathologist. Journal of Pathology of Nepal, 10(2), 1760–1765. https://doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v10i2.29862

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Section

Review Articles

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