Submissions

Author Guidelines

Nepalese Journal of Aquaculture and Fisheries publishes articles on problems and issues in fisheries science, including aquaculture, in Nepal or those relevant to the Asian region. Acceptable topics include ecosystem and population dynamics, resource assessment, fishing gear technology, fish processing, socio-economics, farming systems, breeding, nutrition, fish health, pollution and aquatic resources management. Only original, unpublished manuscripts not under consideration for publication elsewhere may be submitted. Papers submitted for publication in the journal are not returned. Articles may be research papers, short communications or invited reviews.

• Research papers must not exceed 20 manuscript pages including Tables and Figures.
• Short communications are results of brief but significant work. Manuscripts must not exceed 8 pages including Tables and Figures, must have an abstract, but may omit the usual major headings of full papers.
• Invited reviews will be solicited by the Editor and the Editorial Board. Manuscripts must have an abstract and must not exceed 40 pages.

Manuscript format

Articles must be technically sound and written in English. All sections of the typescript should be on A4 paper, 1.5-spaced and with 30 mm margins all around. Times New Roman font with font size of 12 pt should be used. The manuscript should be arranged in the following sequence: Title, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion (Results and Discussion), Conclusion, Acknowledgments, Declaration of conflict of interest, and References. Number all pages consecutively, including Title, Tables and Figures. Authors must display good knowledge of the primary scientific literature. Authors must also prepare manuscripts according to the journal’s standards and instructions in order to facilitate prompt review and processing of papers.

Title page

• Title. Title should be concise and informative all in capitalized except scientific name. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
• Author names and affiliations. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, and the e-mail address of each author.
• Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address. Contact details must be kept up to date by the corresponding author.

Abstract
A concise and factual abstract is required. The Abstract should state briefly the objectives, materials and methods, principal results, and major conclusions. The Abstract should be not longer than 200 words for research article, 300 words in case of review article and 100 words for short communication and technical notes.

Keywords
Immediately after the Abstract section provide a maximum of 3-5 keywords. Avoid general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, "and", "of"). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.

Introduction
State the problem addressed and objectives of the work, and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.

Material and methods
Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described.

Only the first letter of a row or column heading should be capitalized (along with words or symbols that would be capitalized in ordinary text).

Results
Results should be clear and concise. The results should be supported by a brief but adequate data in the form of either tables, or graphic or pictorial materials. However, the same data should not be presented in more than one form. All weights and measures should be in metric system.

Discussion
The discussion should be related to the author (s)' finding supported by similar work. This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature. The Results and Discussion sections may be combined.

Conclusions
The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.

Acknowledgements
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals, institutions and funding agencies that provided help during the research.

Declaration of Conflict of Interest
Author(s) must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other peoples or organizations that could inappropriately influence their work. If there is no conflict of interest, the authors should declare the following statement: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Statistical Analysis
It is important to indicate what statistical analysis has been performed; not just the name of the software and options selected, but the method and model applied. In the case of many genes being examined simultaneously, or many phenotypes, a multiple comparison correction should be used to control the type I error rate, or a rationale for not applying a correction must be provided. The type of correction applied should be clearly stated. It should also be clear whether the p-values reported are raw, or after correction. Corrected p-values are often appropriate, but raw p-values should be available in the supporting materials so that others may perform their own corrections. In large scale data exploration studies (e.g. genome-wide expression studies) a clear and complete description of the replication structure must be provided.

Nomenclature and units

1. Give the Latin name and family of the species at first mention in the manuscript. Subsequent references may use the common name. Italicize Latin names. Example: Common carp (Cyprinus carpio).
2. Place a (leading) zero before the decimal in numbers less than 1. Give dates in the form 10 January 1994. Spell out numbers less than 10 unless they stand beside standard units of measure (eight fish and 8 kg). Do not spell out numbers larger than 10 unless they are used to start a sentence.
3. Use metric units or the International System of Units (with base units meter, gram, second, liter, mole, joule, etc.). Common units such as day, tons, hectare, watts, horsepower, °C and ppt salinity may be acceptable. Use abbreviations of units only beside numerals (e.g., 5 m); otherwise spell out units (e.g., only meters away). Do not use plural forms or periods for abbreviations of units. Use the bar (/) for compound units; for example, 2 t/ha/y; 10 g/m².
4. Values less than 1.00 should be preceded by zeroes (e.g., 0.78).
5. All biocides and other organic compounds must be identified by their Geneva names when first used in the text. Active ingredients of all formulations should be likewise identified.
6. For chemical nomenclature, the conventions of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and the official recommendations of the IUPAC IUB Combined Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature should be followed.
7. For Genotype nomenclature, identified by italicized lettered abbreviations reflecting the name of enzyme or protein assigned by the International Union of Biochemistry’s Nomenclature Committee (IUBNC) should be followed. For example Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is denoted by ADH*, See details in Shaklee, J.B., F.W. Allendrof, D.D. Morizot and G.S. Whitt. 1990. Gene nomenclature of protein coding loci in fish. Transection of American Fisheries Society, 119: 2-15.

Math formulae
Submit math equations as editable text and not as images. Present simple formulae in line with normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text). Give the meaning of all symbols immediately after the equation in which they are first used.

Footnotes
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many word processors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.

Figure captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used. Labels or lettering on Figures must be of a size readable after reduction (up to 60%). Send electronic images (.jpeg or .tif format) at first submission and the originals only with the revised manuscript if necessary.

Tables
Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Tables must have horizontal lines only at the top and bottom and no vertical lines at all. Leave spaces to indicate groupings of data. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.

The data within the body of the table should not be crowded; if need be, blank rows can be inserted to separate data into logical groups or provide guides for the eye.

Artwork and Photographs
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF (or JPEG), EPS (or PDF), or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution.

Citation and References

1. Citation in text
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either 'Unpublished results' (Unpubl. Data) or 'Personal communication' (Pers. Comm.). Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.

Citation formats.—Text citations should conform to the author–year system. Examples of common types are as follows: (Johnson 1995) (Johnson and Smith 1996) (Johnson et al. 1997, 1998) [three or more authors] (Johnson et al. 1999, 2001; Smith 2000) (Johnson 2000a, 2000b) (Johnson, in press) (E. M. Johnson, National Marine Fisheries Service, personal communication). Arrange references in series by year as in (Beta 1980; Omega 1985; Alpha 1990).

References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically (if necessary). More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters 'a', 'b', 'c', etc., placed after the year of publication. Cite three or more authors as (First Author et al. year) and references still in press as (Author, in press). If a reference is unpublished, say (Author, Unpubl. Data) or (Author, Pers. Comm.), but avoid such citations.

2. References

A. Book
Bardach, J.E., Ryther, J.H., & McLarney, W.O. (1972). Aquaculture: the farming and husbandry of freshwater and marine organisms. Wiley Interscience, New York. 100 pp.

Author, A.A. (1997). Title of work. Retrieved from https://www.xxxxxxx

Editor, A.A (Ed.). (1986). Title of work. Location: Publisher.

B. Proceedings
Wagle, S.K., Jha, A., & Gautam, A. (2021). Diversity of edible aquatic mollusk and their nutritional contribution in selected Terai districts of Nepal. In: N.P. Pandit, & N. Pradhan (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2nd NEFIS International Convention in Kathmandu, Nepal (pp. 31-50). Nepal Fisheries Society (NEFIS), Balaju, Machhapokhari, Kathmandu Nepal.

C. Book chapter
Smith, I., & Chong, K.C. (1984). Southeast Asian milkfish culture: economic status and prospects. In: J.V. Juario, R.P. Ferraris and L.V. Benitez (Eds.), Advances in milkfish biology and culture (pp. 1-20). Island Publishing House, Manila.

Author, A.A., & Author, B.B. (1993). Title of chapter or entry. In: A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Retrieved from https://www.xxxxxxx.

D. Journal article

Journal article with DOI
Pandit, N.P., Bhandari, R.K., Kobayashi, Y., & Nakamura, M. (2015). High temperature-induced sterility in the female Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 213, 110-117. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.01.028

Bhujel, R.C., Little, D.C., & Hossain, A. (2007). Reproductive performance and the growth of pre-stunted and normal Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodfish at varying feeding rates. Aquaculture, 273(1), 71-79. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.09.022

Journal article without DOI
Pradhan, N., Wagle, S.K., & Gurung, T.B. (2014). Genetic variation of Mahseer (Tor putitora) populations from hatchery, lake and major rivers of Nepal. Nepalese Journal of Aquaculture and Fisheries, 1, 18-38.

E. Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
Author, A. A. (1978). Title of doctoral dissertation or master's thesis (Unpublished doctoral dissertation or master's thesis). Name of Institution, Location.

F. Technical and Research Reports
Author, A. A. (1998). Title of work (Report No. xxx). Location: Publisher.

G. Web references
As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given.

H. Online newspaper article
Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain agile. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

I. Government reports
Reports that are issued on a regular basis are treated much like articles in journals (the principal difference being that page numbers should not be given); other reports are treated like books.

Everest, F. H., C. E. McLemore, and J. F. Ward. (1980). An improved tri-tube cryogenic gravel sampler. U.S. Forest Service Research Note PNW-350. [journal format].

USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). (1998). Water quality criteria and standards plan: priorities for the future. USEPA, 822-R-98-003, Washington, D.C. [book format]

Type setting of the manuscript
Heading: Headings should be bold. Use capital and lower case letters, never all capitals. Sub-heads should be on a separate line and capitalize the first letter of the first word.

Trade or brand names: Capitalize the first letter of trade or brand names.

Abbreviations: Always use abbreviations for standard units such as gram (g), kilogram (kg) metric ton (t), milliliter (mL), liter (L), centimeter (cm), meter (m), kilometer (km) and hectare (ha).

Periods: Do not put periods after the title and key words. Periods are necessary at the end of table and figure heading.

Reprints: The final copy of the manuscript in PDF format will be sent to the corresponding author via email.

Submission
Submit electronic copies of manuscript, including Tables and Figures to the Managing Editor at this email address: nefisjournal@gmail.com.

To facilitate communication, provide on a separate sheet the corresponding author’s complete mailing address, telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail address. After the review, submit electronic copies of the revision via email at the same address. Originals of Figures may be requested to be submitted via email if necessary.

Send manuscripts to:

Assistant Editor
Nepalese Journal of Aquaculture and Fisheries
nefisjournal@gmail.com

The Editor may return (without reviewing) any manuscript that falls outside the journal’s policy or scope. All other manuscripts will be peer-reviewed by at least two external referees.