Estimating Vehicular Emission in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Authors

  • Krishna Prasad Ghimire College of Applied Sciences-Nepal (CAS), Anamnagar, Kathmandu
  • Shreejan Ram Shrestha Nepal Environmental and Scientific Services (NESS) Pvt. Ltd., Thapathali, Kathmandu

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i4.11742

Keywords:

Vehicular Emission, Global Warming Potentials, Carbon Equivalence, Toxic Equivalent, Kathmandu Valley

Abstract

The study estimate, the vehicular emission load for CO, CO2 , HCs, NOX, SO2, Dioxin/Furans, Particulate Matters (PM10, PM2.5, Black carbon and Organic Carbon) by using emission factors and Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) of the pollutants (CO2, NOX, BC and OC). For this purpose, data were collected through the video tape record (in 30 sites), questionnaire survey, field visit, and literatures review. The total estimated emission of Kathmandu Valley (KV) was 7231053.12 ton/year. Of the total emission, CO2 emission was highest i.e., 91.01% followed by CO 5.03%, HC 0.96%, NOX 0.60%, PM10 0.18% and SO2 0.10%. Annually 529353.36 μg Toxic Equivalent (TEQ) of Dioxin/Furan produced and directly disperse to the ambient environment. The total estimated PM2.5, BC and OC emission were 9649.40 ton/year, 1640.4 ton/year and 2894.82 ton/year. The total carbon equivalence of the combined emissions (CO2, NOX and BC) for 100-years standard time horizon is 10579763.6 ton CO2-eq i.e., 2885390.07 ton carbon.CO2 alone will be responsible, for about 62% of the impacts for the next century from current emissions of CO2, NOX and BC. Of the total emission Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDV) emits 50%, Light Duty Vehicles (LDV) emits, 27%, 2-Wheelers emits 22% and 3-Wheeler (Tempo) emits 1%. The total emission of all pollutants combined per vehicle together was estimated to be 5.46 ton/year which was estimated as 23.63, 10.35, 1.83 and 5.58 ton/year for HDV, LDV, 2-Wheelers and 3-Wheeler respectively.

 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i4.11742      

International Journal of Environment

Volume-3, Issue-4, Sep-Nov 2014

Page: 133-146

 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Abstract
3008
PDF
1621

Downloads

Published

2014-12-15

How to Cite

Ghimire, K. P., & Shrestha, S. R. (2014). Estimating Vehicular Emission in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. International Journal of Environment, 3(4), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i4.11742

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 4 (2014)

Section

Research Papers

License

The author(s) acknowledge that the manuscript submitted is his/her/their own original work; all authors participated in the work in a substantive way and are prepared to take public responsibility for the work; all authors have seen and approved the manuscript as submitted;  the manuscript has not been published and is not being submitted or considered for publication elsewhere; the text, illustrations, and any other materials included in the manuscript do not infringe(plagiarism) upon any existing copyright or other rights of anyone.

Notwithstanding the above, the Contributor(s) or, if applicable the Contributor’s Employer, retain(s) all proprietary rights other than copyright, such as Patent rights; to use, free of charge, all parts of this article for the author’s future works in books, lectures, classroom teaching or oral presentations; the right to reproduce the article for their own purposes provided the copies are not offered for sale.

The copyright to the contribution identified is transferred to IJE.